Heterocharacinae

Heterocharacinae
Taillight Dragonfin ( Gnathocharax steindachneri )
Systematics
Cohort : Otomorpha Sub-cohort : Ostariophysi Otophysa Order : Tetras (Characiformes) Family : Acestrorhynchidae Subfamily : Heterocharacinae
Scientific name
Heterocharacinae
Géry , 1966

The Heterocharacinae are a little researched and little known subfamily of the tetras . It occurs in northern South America in the Amazon basin , and the Orinoco , Essequibo ( Guyana ) and Demerara River basins . The subfamily includes four genus, one of which includes three species, while the others are monotypical , than include only one species.

features

Heterocharacinae species are small fish, are only three to six centimeters long and have a laterally flattened, moderately high-backed body and are of a silvery color. The mouth is strongly above, the eyes are large. The pectoral fins are long and low down, the dorsal fin is flag-like with a short base, the caudal fin is forked.

The only diagnostic feature of the subfamily made when establishing the Heterocharacinae is the presence of a variable number of supraorbitalia (skull bones in the eye region). The real tetras (Characidae), on the other hand, have no supraorbitalia.

Systematics

The subfamily Heterocharacinae was introduced in 1966 by the French ichthyologist Jacques Géry and first placed in the family of the real tetras (Characidae), then in 2011 by Oliveira and colleagues based on the comparison of DNA sequences from two genes of the mitochondrial DNA and of three genes from the Cell nucleus assigned to the family Acestrorhynchidae .

Genera and species

Indefinite heterocharax species

• Genus Gnathocharax Fowler, 1913
  • Tail-light dragon-finfish ( Gnathocharax steindachneri ) Fowler, 1913
• Genus Heterocharax Eigenmann, 1912
  • Heterocharax leptogrammus Toledo-Piza, 2000
  • Heterocharax macrolepis Eigenmann, 1912
  • Heterocharax virgulatus Toledo-Piza, 2000
• Genus Hoplocharax Géry, 1966
  • Hoplocharax goethei Géry, 1966
• Genus Lonchogenys Myers, 1927
  • Lonchogenys ilisha Myers, 1927

swell

• Juan Marcos Mirande: Phylogeny of the family Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes): from characters to taxonomy. Neotropical Ichthyology, 8 (3): 385-568, 2010 Copyright © 2010 Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia PDF

1. ↑ Hoplocharax goethei on Fishbase.org (English)
2. ↑ Lonchogenys ilisha on Fishbase.org (English)
3. ↑ Claudio Oliveira et al .: Phylogenetic relationships within the speciose family Characidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes) based on multilocus analysis and extensive ingroup sampling. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011, 11: 275 doi : 10.1186 / 1471-2148-11-275

Web links

Commons : Heterocharacinae  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Heterocharacinae on Fishbase.org (English)