Hispano-Suiza 12

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Hispano-Suiza 12 Lbr (1929)
Share certificate in Société Française Hispano-Suiza, SA dated September 15, 1932

The Hispano-Suiza 12 are water-cooled aircraft engines from the Spanish manufacturer Hispano-Suiza . By the subsidiary Société Française Hispano-Suiza, SA factory Bois-Colombes built in Paris twelve-cylinder - petrol engines came in the 1920s and 1930s, mainly by military aircraft of the French Armée de l'air used.

The type HS 12Y was manufactured under license in the Soviet Union as the Klimow M-100 from 1934 . The Czechoslovakia produced the HS 12Nb / Nbr 1931 as Avia Vr-36 and HS 12Ydrs from 1935 under license.

history

A 20 mm HS 404 automatic cannon with a drum magazine (top right) in an HS-12Ydrs engine. Both cylinder banks have been removed for better illustration.

The existing eight-cylinder V-engines Hispano-Suiza 8 (HS 8) could not guarantee the desired higher engine performance. Based on the British Napier Lion , a Y-engine with three cylinder banks , Hispano chief designer Marc Birkigt began developing a twelve-cylinder Y-engine in 1919 . As with the HS-8 types, the cylinder banks were cast in one piece from an aluminum alloy and provided with screwed- in cylinder liners . The crankcase was divided horizontally. Each of the three cylinder banks had an overhead camshaft with a vertical shaft drive. The valves (two per cylinder) were actuated directly by the camshaft via bucket tappets . The new Hispano-Suiza 12G projected with an output of 400 HP (294 kW) was completed as a prototype in 1920; 300 pieces of the HS 12Gb version were produced by 1925.

Because of the complex production of this Y-motor, Birkigt developed a simpler V-motor, which came into production in the mid-1920s as the HS 12H with identical bore and stroke data.

As a result, the series was constantly improved. In 1932 the HS 12Y appeared, which, as a major difference to its predecessor, the HS 12X, had a crank drive consisting of a main and connecting rod . From the HS 12Ycrs onwards, all Hispano V-12 types were provided with a hollow propeller drive shaft; so that a 20 mm HS 404 machine gun could be mounted between the cylinder banks; an arrangement called the moteur-canon . The HS 12Y model achieved the highest number of units - the 12Y-51 version with a compressor , manufactured from 1938 onwards , had an output of 1100 hp (809 kW). With four-valve technology and intake manifold injection , the HS 12Z-17 (output 1500 hp / 1103 kW at an altitude of 6400 meters) came into production for a short time in 1940. After the Compiègne armistice in June 1940, production at the Bois-Colombes plant initially ended. After the end of the Second World War, Hispano manufactured the HS 12Z-89 as the last version.

Technical specifications

Hispano-Suiza 12H 12Y 12L 12M 12N 12X 12Y 12Z
Displacement:  27.7 liters 20.4 liters 31.4 liters 27 liters 36 liters 27 liters 36 liters
Bore × stroke :  140 mm × 150 mm 120 mm × 150 mm 140 mm × 170 mm 130 mm × 170 mm 150 mm × 170 mm 130 mm × 170 mm 150 mm × 170 mm
Design type:  Twelve-cylinder V-engine with 60 °  bank angle
Valve control :  One camshaft (SOHC) per cylinder bank
two camshafts per cylinder bank
(DOHC)
Valves:  2 per cylinder 4 per cylinder

See also

literature

  • Matthias Dorst: The most beautiful of all twelve. Hispano-Suiza 12Y. In: Aviation Classics. 05/2017, pp. 36–43.

Web links

Commons : Hispano-Suiza-V12-Airplane Engines  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Vaclav Nemecek: Československá letadla . Naše Vojsko, Prague 1968, p. 318/319 (Czech).