Hit and Run (Medicine)
The hit-and-run mechanism (from English hit and run , 'strike and run away') or transient infection is one of the two main types of infection processes in the infection of living beings by pathogens . It is characterized by a relatively high reproduction rate , a high burst size and a short duration of illness.
The other type of history is called Infect and persist .
mechanism
After infection, a lytic virus , for example, multiplies in the host and usually leads to a more or less severe acute infectious disease . In the case of transient infections, the host cell is usually destroyed when newly formed virions are released . In the course of this, the host (or the host cell) is eliminated from the virus for replication , and in the course of an immune reaction the virus is usually also eliminated from the organism . The host then usually remains permanently immune to new infections from the same virus strain .
This type of infection can kill the host during an acute phase of the disease . If this is not the case, the host develops antibodies against the pathogen and can subsequently eliminate the virus. In both cases, as a consequence, the host is no longer available both as a basis for long-term virus replication and as a new target for infection. Therefore, the time for propagation is limited at both the cellular and host levels. In order to define a hit-and-run infection, it is crucial that a host is only available for the virus in question to multiply for a very short period of time and can usually only be infected once by the same virus strain or subtype .
Examples
Human medicine
- Marburg virus
- Ebola-like viruses
- Lyssavirus - the rabies pathogen
- Rhinoviruses - common cold
- Human influenza viruses
- Smallpox viruses
Veterinary
- H5N1 viruses (HPAI, Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza and LPAI, Lowly Pathogenic Avian Influenza)
- Lyssavirus
- BRSV (Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus)
- Parainfluenza virus ( kennel cough complex)
- BVDV in adult animals
- CAV-1 and CAV-2
literature
- S. Modrow, D. Falke, U. Truyen: Molecular Virology. 2nd edition, Spektrum, Heidelberg 2003, ISBN 3-8274-1086-X .
- DM Knipe, PM Howley, DE Griffin, (Eds.): Fields Virology. 5th edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia 2007, ISBN 978-0-7817-6060-7 .