Hojōjutsu
Hojōjutsu or Torinawajutsu (both Japanese 捕 縄 術 , German "bondage technique, art") is the - u. a. practiced by the Japanese police - the technique of handcuffing and overpowering prisoners.
At the latest from the Japanese Middle Ages ( Sengoku period ) prisoners were tied up with the help of Hojōjutsu in order to be able to transport them or to show them off to the common people as a deterrent. The prisoners were also handcuffed during executions . In addition, Hojōjutsu was also used as a torture in embarrassing interrogations (e.g. Suruga doi ).
It is assumed that there were rules of binding depending on the rank and position of the man in chains. What is certain is that there were different techniques for children, men, soldiers and women. Since common and soldiers ( samurai ) separated clear status differences in Japanese society, it is very likely that these differences were taken into account here.
It can be assumed that there were at least two independent schools ( ryu ) that taught Hojōjutsu as part of their martial arts. Only one of these schools still exists today. Most of the Hojo techniques can therefore be considered lost. Few records survived the Sengoku period. And with these recordings, too, it is questionable whether and to what extent these show authentic - that is, really used - bondage.
Bondage techniques were also adopted into the sexual habits of the Japanese - probably from the Meiji period - and represent a source of later Japanese bondage . In Western culture, this type of bondage is mostly known under the terms " Shibari " or " Kinbaku ".
literature
- Martin A. Torunsky: Hojo Jutsu - bondage techniques in Japanese martial arts. Tying, transport, fighting and torture techniques with the rope . Verlag Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2012, ISBN 978-3-8423-7785-1 .
- Norbert Mahl u. Walter Baier Hojo Jutsu: Haya Nawa - "the fast rope" in Budo and Bujutsu - Verlag Budokozept, Melle 2014. ISBN 978-3-7386-0251-7 .
Web links
- Art or Style: Hojo Jutsu - The Japanese art of Roping and Binding ( Memento of March 18, 2008 in the Internet Archive ), article on scottish-jujitsu.com (English)
- Hojojutsu: The Samurai martial skill of restraining a prisoner with rope ties. , Article on ds-arts.com (English) ( page no longer available , search in web archives )
- Richard Cleaver: D / s Arts: The Japanese / Eastern School , article on ds-arts.com (English) ( page no longer available , search in web archives )
- Photographs of exhibits on Torinawa and Hojojitsu techniques ( Memento from November 17, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) in the Criminal Museum of Meiji University , photo gallery on a private website (English)