Holmesina

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Holmesina
Holmesina occidentalis in the Royal Ontario Museum

Holmesina occidentalis in the Royal Ontario Museum

Temporal occurrence
late Pliocene to Young Pleistocene
3.6 million years to 12,000 years
Locations
Systematics
Mammals (mammalia)
Higher mammals (Eutheria)
Sub-articulated animals (Xenarthra)
Armored siderails (Cingulata)
Pampatheriidae
Holmesina
Scientific name
Holmesina
Simpson , 1930

Holmesina was a genus of the Pampatherien within the armored secondary animals (Cingulata). The animals were foundin North and South Americauntil the end of the Pleistocene .

Appearance

Like the similar genus Pampatherium, Holmesina belonged to the family of Pampatheriidae. The animals resembled modern armadillos to which they were also relatively closely related. However, they were significantly larger. The North American species Holmesina sepentrionalis , for example, reached a weight of about 180 kg. Holmesina probably lived on vegetable food, although the animals were apparently less well adapted to very rough-grained food than the Pampatherium genus, which existed at the same time . Holmesina also inhabited less arid habitats.

Types and distribution

Holmesina sepentrionalis

Holmesina occurred in North and South America until the late Pleistocene. The different species of the genus represented each other geographically. The best-known species of the genus was Holmesina sepentrionalis , which was distributed in the Late Pistocene from Mexico, Florida and Texas to Kansas in the north. Holmesina paulacoutoi occurred in Brazil in the Late Pleistocene. This species has partly been found at the same sites as Pampatherium . It is not clear whether both appeared together or were chronologically represented. Another late Pleistocene species, Holmesina occidentalis, comes from the border area between today's Peru and Ecuador . Several individuals from the Gruta da Lapinha in eastern Brazil are assigned to Holmesina cryptae .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Scillato-Yané, GJ, Carlini, AA, Tonni, EP, and Noriega, JI, (2005). Paleobiogeography of the late Pleistocene pampatheres of South America. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 20 (1-2), pp. 131-138
  2. ↑ Martin, P., S. (2005). Twilight of Mammoths. Ice Age Extinctions and rewilding of America. University of California Press. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London. ISBN 978-0-520-25243-1
  3. ↑ a b De Iuliis, G., Bargo, MS, Vizcaiacuteno, SF (2001). Variation in skull morphology and mastication in the fossil giant armadillos Pampatherium spp. and allied genera (Mammalia: Xenarthra: Pampatheriidae), with comments on their systematics and distribution. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20 (4), pp. 743-754
  4. ↑ Grayson, DK (1991). Late Pleistocene Mammalian Extinctions in North America: Taxonomy, Chronology and Explanations. Journal of World Prehistory 5 (3), pp. 193-231
  5. ^ Moura, JF, Góis, F. Galliari, FC, Fernandes, MA (2019). A new and most complete pampathere (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Quaternary of Bahia, Brazil. Zootaxa 4661 (3), pp. 401-444, doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa.4661.3.1

Web links

Commons : Holmesina  - collection of images, videos and audio files