Holon
The term holon (from Greek ὅλος, hólos and ὀν, on “the part of a whole being”) was coined by Arthur Koestler and means a whole that is part of another whole. It is also described as "whole / part".
For example, a cell is a whole in itself, but part of a larger whole, an organ that in turn is part of the body . Such a hierarchy of holons is called a holarchy .
According to Ken Wilber , everyone has a holon
- two "drives" or "tendencies": to preserve one's wholeness ("agency") and to preserve one's partiality ("communion")
- a "vertical ability" for "self-transcendence" (formation of higher units) and "self-dissolution" (disintegration into its components).
These are the "four drives" of every holon.
According to this interpretation, holar systems can be found today in philosophy , physics , automation technology , ecology , sociology , economics and computer science .
literature
- Arthur Koestler: The roots of chance. Scherz, Munich 1984 ( The Roots of Coincidence, 1972), ISBN 3502153868
- Arthur Koestler: Janus, A Summing Up. London 1978, ISBN 0330258427 , (Appendix 1)
- Ken Wilber : Eros Kosmos Logos. A millennium vision. Fischer, Frankfurt, ISBN 978-3596149742
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ken Wilber : A Brief History of the Cosmos. 7th edition, Fischer, Frankfurt, ISBN 3-596-13397-1 , p. 40 ff.