Horizontal cooperation

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The principle of horizontal cooperation states that different contractual partners who are in principle equal and independent of one another at the same level cooperate with one another or are networked. In the European Union , horizontal cooperation is understood to mean cooperation among the EU member states without any action at a higher level, in this case the legislative institutions of the EU . In Germany and Austria there are also possibilities for horizontal integration between the federal government and the federal states .

Areas of application

Horizontal cooperation is used in a variety of ways and concerns, for example, cases such as the Bologna Process or the accompanying measures to EU legal acts that are not regulated at Community level (see implementing provisions or comitology ). Horizontal cooperation is a prerequisite for many complex, EU-funded projects. In the research area there is a large number of horizontal research collaborations between different research institutions. In the area of environmental policy , generally applicable standards that are widely applicable are seen as "horizontal instruments" for the implementation of environmental policy goals. In trading is meant by horizontal cooperation the interaction of the levels of trade as a distribution chain .

Delimitation of competencies

With the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty , numerous policy areas that were once reserved exclusively for the Member States have been incorporated into generally binding Community law through so-called "horizontal clauses" . As a result of the implementation of the Charter of Fundamental Rights, numerous social provisions are now uniformly effective and binding in almost all member states.

In the Lisbon Treaty, however, it is precisely specified which competences are reserved exclusively for the member states, i. H. Areas in which there is no horizontal coordination, unless this is explicitly requested by the Member States (see culture , health , education , participation in the common defense policy and neutrality , etc.). In practice, however, there is almost no policy area in the EU in which at least a minimum level of horizontal cooperation is not sought.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ EU glossary. Horizontal cooperation. ( Memento of the original from March 3, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.eufis.eu
  2. ↑ International cooperation. Horizontal ERA-NET
  3. ^ Stefan Scheuer: Horizontal Legislation: Instruments for the Implementation of Environmental Policy Goals . ( Memento of the original from September 8, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 24 kB) In: EU Environmental Policy Manual  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.eeb.org
  4. ^ Ludwig G. Poth / Marcus Pradel / Gudrun S. Poth (eds.), Gabler Kompakt-Lexikon Marketing , 2003, p. 180