Hoyaer feud

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  • Coat of arms of the city of Bremen

  • County Hoya Coat of Arms

The Hoya feud was a political and armed conflict from 1351 to 1359 between the Hanseatic City of Bremen and the Count of Hoya , but also between the Archbishop of the Diocese of Bremen Gottfried von Arnsberg and Moritz von Oldenburg .

prehistory

Otto I. Graf von Oldenburg became archbishop of the diocese of Bremen in 1344 . Since he was ailing, the cathedral dean Moritz von Oldenburg ran the business. Otto died in 1348. Two candidates stood for election as successors: Moritz von Oldenburg and Gottfried von Arnsberg (1285-1363), until 1349 Bishop of Osnabrück. Moritz was elected by the majority of the canons. Gottfried, however, was supported by the family of the Counts of Hoya and the Avignon Pope Clemens VI. , appointed Archbishop of Bremen. The Bremen council wavered back and forth between the two camps. The majority of the council was on the one hand on Moritz's side and concluded a peace alliance . On the other hand, Gottfried was able to win over some spokesmen for the community and the council had to give in. On January 6, 1350 Gottfried moved into Bremen. As a result, there was a military conflict between the two camps, known as the Bremen Archbishop's feud, during which Moritz and his allies were able to assert themselves against the city ​​weakened by an outbreak of the plague . On July 13, 1350, the opponents agreed on an armistice, settled the differences in arbitration proceedings and even concluded an alliance on September 12, 1350. Gottfried remained nominally archbishop, but Moritz exercised power as bailiff of the archbishopric .

The feud from 1351 to 1359

Gottfried was now mostly in the main castle of Count von Hoya and was completely dependent on him. Bremen, with its weakened population, allowed considerably more immigration from the surrounding area for several years, and former serfs acquired their civil liberty after a year in Bremen. A conflict developed between Bremen and Hoya. In 1356, the Count of Hoya claimed the extradition of some of his own people who had moved - now free citizens - because they were missing in his agricultural areas, which were also weakened by the plague. The new citizens, threatened in their freedom, managed to prevent Bremen from complying with Hoya's request for extradition.

In the ensuing feud, Bremen was allied with Moritz, the bailiff of the archbishopric; however, the county Hoya, the strong straight to the allies were Duke of Jülich collected Wilhelm I won. On June 20, 1358 Bremen lost a battle on the Aller . 150 citizens, including eight out of twelve councilors, were taken prisoner. Bremen had to pay high trigger fees to Hoya for their release.

Costs and impending Hanseatic sanctions

The cost of the war and the release of prisoners led to Bremen becoming insolvent. High wealth taxes ( lap ) were then required. At that time, which led in 1358 Hanse a boycott of Flanders through. Bremen was not a member of the Hanseatic League at that time. Bremen merchants sensed good business with Flanders and broke through the boycott. The Hanseatic League protested, demanded justification and threatened sanctions against Bremen. The Bremen merchants now asked the Bremen City Council to give in. Therefore the financially weakened Bremen had to Bernhard von Bernadette Husen and Albert Doneldey , two representatives of the Wittheit (representatives of the merchant class) in Lübeck ask very humbly for readmission to the Hanseatic League and then the Flanders boycott and Hamburg in the fight against pirates in the same support. It was not until June 1359 that some of the imprisoned councilors from Hoya returned to Bremen.

Land Peace and Consequences

On April 3, 1362, the young Archbishop Albert II of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel was solemnly received in Bremen and confirmed the old Bremen privileges . He was ready to arbitrate the feud with the Count of Hoya and brought all parties together for a great peace in the country . This probably took place in 1363 in connection with a discussion about the compensation of the mercenaries. The collection of the tax (lap) for the costs of war, prisoner releases and mercenary compensation as well as social tensions led to the banner run in 1366 as a protest of the lower class and craftsmen against the Bremen council and the upper class.

See also

literature