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The Huilliche are an indigenous people in Chile who belong to the group of Mapuche Indians.
The Huilliche live mainly in the area between the Río Toltén and the Fjord Reloncaví and on the island of Chiloé in the southern Chilean Región de los Lagos . The Huilliche are also known as the people of the south and belonged to the feared indigenous equestrian cultures of South America from the 16th to 19th centuries .
Social structure
The Huilliche were exclusively semi-sedentary hunters and gatherers until the 13th or 14th century , before they also introduced limited horticulture . The rich game population, fishing and the gathering of wild pine fruits continued to provide the most important subsistence basis . In the 16th and 17th centuries, under the influence of the Spaniards, they switched to agriculture (wheat, potatoes) and cattle breeding (llama, cattle, horse). In contrast to the other Mapuche peoples, the Huilliche lived monogamous.
The Huilliche owned large canoes to cross rivers and lakes. They must also have had some knowledge of metallurgy as copper jewelry was found on them .
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The ethnic religion corresponds to the Mapuche religion . According to the ongoing surveys of the evangelical-fundamentalist conversion network Joshua Project , 10 percent of the Huilish still profess the traditional religion, a further 10 percent are not religious and 80 percent are officially Christians. However, the Huilliche Christianity is strongly mixed with traditional elements and the important rituals of the Mapuche still have a central meaning.
history
Around 1535, about 180,000 Huilliche lived in the area between the Río Toltén and the Reloncaví fjord and on the island of Chiloé.
In 1540 Alonso de Camargo explored the coastlines of the island of Chiloé from a ship. The island was first set foot on November 8, 1553 by Francisco de Ulloa . In 1559 Juan Fernández Ladrillero entered the island and made contact with the local population. Francisco de Villagra explored the island of Quinchao off Abtao in 1563. The capital Castro on the east coast was founded on February 12, 1567 by the Spanish captain Martín Ruiz de Gamboa . In 1628 Vázquez de Espinosa visited the island and reported on the Huilliche cultivation of grain and beans.
In the years from 1598 to 1604 the Huilliche took part in a rebellion against the Spaniards together with the other Araucans. In the battle of Curalaba (1598) they defeated the Spaniards devastatingly. The Spanish governor Martín García Óñez de Loyola was also killed. The Spaniards were only able to survive on the island of Chiloé. Large areas south of the Río Bío Bío remained in the possession of the Mapuche until 1881 .
Even today there are small, humane villages, e.g. B. in the Chiloe National Park .
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Wolfgang Lindig et al. Mark Münzel: The Indians. Cultures and history of the Indians of North, Central and South America. dtv, Munich 1978, ISBN 3-423-04317-X pp. 118-125.
- ↑ Joshua Project: Chile ( Memento of the original from February 19, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Huilliche, Southern Mapuche), accessed January 16, 2016.
- ↑ Ramón Francisco Curivil Paillavil: Considerations on the possibility of an interreligious and interspiritual dialogue in view of the cultural and religious colonization in the Mapuche area. In: Klaus Krämer u. Klaus Vellguth (Ed.): World Church Spirituality. Re-experience the faith. Festschrift for the 70th birthday of Sebastian Painadath SJ. Herder, Freiburg-Basel-Wien 2012. pp. 152–266.
- ↑ Carmen Arellano Hoffmann, Hermann Holzbauer, Roswitha Kramer (eds.): The Mapuche and the Republic of Chile: Father Siegfried von Frauenhäusl and the Mapuche Parliament from 1907 in Coz Coz. Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2006, ISBN 978-3-447-05270-2 . Pp. 143-144.
