Parainfluenza
Parainfluenza is caused by various human parainfluenza viruses from the Paramyxovirus family ( scientifically Paramyxoviridae ) ( genera Respirovirus and Orthorubulavirus ). The viruses cause flu-like symptoms. The infection rate in children up to ten years of age is 90%. The viruses are spread all over the world. The transmission occurs through droplet infection . The portal of entry is the nasopharynx , whereby - similar to the orthomyxoviruses - the hemagglutinin activity of the HN (hemagglutinin neuraminidase) protein is important for entry into the cell. The virus replicates in the cytoplasm of the host cell , and the particles are assembled by budding on the cell membrane . The neuraminidase activity of the HN protein plays an important role here. Parainfluenza often results in bacterial superinfection . The course of the infection depends strongly on the disposition , constitution and especially the age of onset.
Parainfluenza viruses are the most common pathogen causing pseudocroup . The first infection in infancy and toddler age can also be associated with bronchiolitis and pneumonia .
Parainfluenza viruses are also relevant in veterinary medicine, among other things as a pathogen in the kennel cough complex.
classification
For classification see Henrickson (2003)
- Family Paramyxoviridae
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- Subfamily Orthoparamyxovirinae
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- Genus Respirovirus
- Species Human respirovirus 1 (formerly Human Parainfluenza Virus 1 , HPIV-1)
- Species Human respirovirus 3 (formerly Human Parainfluenza Virus 3 , HPIV-3)
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- Subfamily Rubulavirinae
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- Genus Orthorubulavirus (formerly Rubulavirus )
- Species Human orthorubulavirus 2 (formerly Human Parainfluenza Virus 2 , HPIV-2)
- Species Human orthorubulavirus 4 (formerly Human Parainfluenza virus 4 , HPIV-4)
Traditionally not included, but for reasons of cladistic seclusion. a .:
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- Subfamily Rubulavirinae
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- Genus Orthorubulavirus
- Species Mammalian orthorubulavirus 5 (formerly Parainfluenzavirus 5 , PIV-5)
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- unclassified Paramyxoviridae
- Species Canine Parainfluenza Virus ( Canine parainfluenza virus , CPIV)
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Hahn, Kaufmann, Schulz, Suerbaum (eds.): Medical microbiology and infectiology . 6th edition. Springer, Heidelberg 2009, ISBN 978-3-540-46359-7 , pp. 809 .
- ↑ a b Dr. Cornelia Henke-Gendo: Medical microbiology and infectiology . Ed .: Sauerbaum, Burchard, Kaufmann, Schulz. 8th edition. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 2016, ISBN 978-3-662-48677-1 , pp. 493 .
- ↑ KJ Henrickson: Parainfluenza viruses . In: Clinical Microbiology Reviews . 16, No. 2, April 2003, pp. 242-264. doi : 10.1128 / CMR.16.2.242-264.2003 . PMID 12692097 . PMC 153148 (free full text).
- ↑ NCBI: Human respirovirus 1 (species)
- ↑ NCBI: Human respirovirus 3 (species)
- ↑ NCBI: Human rubulavirus 2 (species)
- ↑ NCBI: Human rubulavirus 4 (species)
- ↑ NCBI: Mammalian rubulavirus 5 (species)
- ↑ ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Mammalian orthorubulavirus 5
- ↑ Successful MERS vaccine in mice may hold promise for COVID-19 vaccine , on: EurekAlert! April 7, 2020, Source: University of Iowa Health Care
- ↑ NCBI: Canine parainfluenza virus (species)