Hurricane Karl (1980)
| Category 1 hurricane ( SSHWS ) | ||
|---|---|---|
 |
||
| Emergence | November 25, 1980 | |
| resolution | November 28, 1980 | |
|
Peak wind speed |
|
|
| Lowest air pressure | 985 mbar ( hPa ; 29.1 inHg ) | |
| dead | no direct | |
| Property damage | no | |
|
Affected areas |
no land areas | |
| Season overview: 1980 Atlantic hurricane season |
||
Hurricane Karl was an unusual tropical cyclone that formed as the eleventh named storm almost at the end of the Atlantic hurricane season in 1980 and barely reached Category 1 on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale . Karl developed in the center of another, larger extra-tropical storm over the northern Atlantic Ocean . Karl was classified as a subtropical storm on November 25, but then became more independent of the mother storm and intensified into a fully developed hurricane. Karl reached his greatest intensity on November 26th. Two days later, Karl broke up when the storm merged with another system.
Karl holds the record for the northernmost formation of a tropical or subtropical cyclone that formed in the Atlantic in November. Even its intensification into a hurricane occurred at an unusual latitude, and it contributed to one of the most active November since reliable tropical cyclone monitoring began. Because Hurricane Karl stayed over open water and had no impact on land, the name was not removed from the list of tropical cyclone names .
Storm course
Hurricane Karl emerged from a depression that was along a weather front near the southeastern United States. The system approached the Canadian maritime provinces the following day and intensified to an air pressure of less than 1000 millibars (hPa). On November 24th, this vast vortex was south of Newfoundland . In the morning of November 25th, convection formed in the core . This developed into an independent vortex and due to the lack of obstructive wind shear , a small tropical system was created. The system was declared a subtropical storm at 0:00 UTC before making a tight counterclockwise loop, rotating within the larger cyclone. About 18 hours later the storm had intensified and developed enough tropical characteristics to be classified as a hurricane; this was accompanied by the formation of an eye . At that time, the center was around 1120 km south-southwest of the Azores . Although the formation of a tropical cyclone within an extra-tropical storm is rare, it is not an isolated occurrence. An unnamed hurricane from the 1991 Atlantic hurricane season also formed this way in November 1991.
After Karl got his name, the hurricane intensified steadily and its circulation became more distinct from the surrounding clouds. A trough that broke away from North America forced the hurricane eastward, and on November 26th, Hurricane Karl reached its greatest intensity with continuous one-minute winds of 140 km / h and a central air pressure of 985 mbar (hPa). Karl maintained this strength for about 18 hours before the hurricane accelerated northeast and eased its intensity slightly. On November 27th, the eye of the storm became a bit more frayed. During the day the cyclone passed the Azores at a distance of 370 km and showed signs of dissolution. The trough over the North Atlantic developed into the dominant low pressure area and Karl turned north on its edge. The dissolving storm joined another converging system and was declared dissolved on November 28th.
Weather records and effects
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Hurricane Karl was unusual in several ways. It developed late in the hurricane season and over colder water than the usual limit for tropical cyclones to form. He set the new mark for the tropical or subtropical November storm that occurred furthest north. Although the unnamed hurricane of 1991 had formed further north, it turned subtropical on October 31 and was already further south on November 1. Karl achieved hurricane status further north than any other storm until the aforementioned unnamed hurricane developed in 1991; In 2001, Hurricane Noel also achieved hurricane status further north than Karl. At the time, Karl was also the most easterly hurricane that existed in the last decade of November. Eventually, Karl maintained hurricane strength up to 45 degrees north latitude before Karl became extra-tropical. To date, only Hurricane Lois was classified as a hurricane further north during the 1966 Atlantic hurricane season.
When Karl developed into a hurricane on November 25, the 1980 season set the previous records of the 1932 and 1969 hurricane seasons for the number of most November hurricanes ; later the 1994 season joined this group, before the 2001 season broke this weather record with three hurricanes in November. However, despite its unusual nature, Hurricane Karl failed to intensify and had no impact on land, so no casualties or property damage were reported. A ship northwest of the center of Hurricane Karl reported wind speeds of 55 km / h and an air pressure of 993 mbar (hPa). Due to the lack of effects, the name Karl was not removed from the list of names, but used again for a hurricane in 1998 and 2004 . The name is also on the list for the 2010 Atlantic hurricane season .
supporting documents
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Miles B. Lawrence: Hurricane Karl Preliminary Report ( English , GIF) National Hurricane Center. Retrieved March 28, 2010.
- ^ A b Gilbert B. Clark: Tropical Cyclone Discussion Hurricane Karl ( English , JPG) National Hurricane Center. November 25, 1980. Retrieved March 29, 2010.
- ↑ a b c d e f g Hurricane Specialists Unit: Easy to Read HURDAT 1851–2008 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. 2009. Retrieved April 4, 2010.
- ↑ Richard Pasch and Lixion Avila: Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1991 ( English , PDF; 1.6 MB) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. March 26, 1992. Retrieved April 4, 2010.
- ^ Gilbert B. Clark: Tropical Cyclone Discussion Hurricane Karl ( English , JPG) National Hurricane Center. November 27, 1980. Retrieved April 4, 2010.
- ^ Henry F. Diaz and Vera Markgraf: El Niño and the southern oscillation: multiscale variability and global and regional impacts ( English ). Cambridge University Press, 2000, ISBN 0521621380 , p. 151 (accessed April 4, 2010).
- ^ Lixion Avila, et al .: Monthly Tropical Weather Summary ( English ) National Hurricane Center. November 30, 2001. Retrieved on 2010-0404.
Web links
- National Hurricane Center: Preliminary Report (English)
- National Hurricane Center: Advisory archive (English)
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory: Hurricane database (English)