Hyphidia

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Hyphidia are more or less thin, sterile hyphae ends that can be found in the fruit layer ( hymenium ) of some groups of fungi . Like cystids , they stand between the basidia and can partially overgrow them. The misleading terms paraphysis , pseudoparaphysis and paraphysoide are sometimes found in the older literature in particular . In order to avoid misunderstandings, there is now a general consensus among mycologists that the term “paraphysis” and terms derived from it that use the suffix “-physe” are only used with the Ascomycetes .

Hyphidia occur mainly in the layer and crust fungi that have a catahymenium ; Their main task is likely to be evaporation protection. As a rule, a distinction is made between three different types of hyphidia:

  • The simple hyphidia, which are unbranched or almost unbranched, form the first type of hyphidia. They are also known as haplohyphidia .
  • The dendro- and dichohyphidia belong to the second type. These are hyphidia that are sparsely to heavily branched.
  • The acanthohyphidia form the third type. Acanthohyphidia are not or hardly branched hyphidia, which have spiky outgrowths at least at their tip.

The presence or absence and the shape and form of the Hyphidien particularly the representatives of the resupinaten Täublingsartigen an important determining feature (Russulales).

Acanthohyphidia

Acanthohyphidia are more or less thick-walled, cystid-like hyphidia with short-fingered or prickly outgrowths. They are also known as bottle brush hyphidia because of their shape. The word "acanthohyphidia" is derived from the ancient Greek word "akanthos" thorn. The term acanthophysis is also often used, particularly in older mycological specialist literature .

Dendrohyphidia

Dendrohyphidia or dendrophyses (outdated designation) are tree-like branched hyphids that protrude from the hymenium layer between the basidia. The word is derived from the ancient Greek word "dendron" (= tree). Dendrohyphidia, for example, are typical of the cystid bark fungi ( Peniophora ).

Dichohyphidia

Dichohyphidia or outdated dichophyses are hyphidia with a dichotomous, i.e. forked, branch. These are typical of the genera Vararia and Lachnocladium , among others .

Paraphyses (in stereoid fungi)

In the older literature the thin-walled, sterile elements of the hymenium are sometimes called this. Especially with the layer mushrooms, the term is used in the same sense as cystidiols . The term actually describes the sterile tubes in the hymenium of Ascomycetes. See paraphysis .

Pseudoacanthophysis

Pseudoacanthophyses are thin-walled elements of the hymenium with fine prickly appendages, such as those found in Stereum insignitum , for example .

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