Hypoallergenic baby food

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Hypoallergenic baby food ( HA food ) is a special baby food that is fed to a baby with a potentially increased risk of allergies . It can be given as an infant formula, if not, as recommended, breastfed exclusively with breast milk for at least four months , and also as a follow-up formula from the second half year of life.

Special features of the HA diet

The immune system recognizes a protein by its structure and can trigger an allergic reaction to foreign proteins. In HA foods, therefore, the cow's milk protein is split into small peptides by hydrolysis , which are no longer recognized as foreign by the infant's immune system. The hydrolyzate is also filtered to ensure that it is free from larger fragments. If you already have a cow's milk protein allergy, we advise against feeding HA food. Special foods that contain particularly severely split hydrolysates or a mixture of amino acids are more suitable.

Quality of the hydrolyzate

The size distribution of the peptides in the hydrolyzate is examined using a Western blot test. In particular, the proportions of the larger peptides (greater than 20 k) should be as low as possible in order to avoid an allergic reaction. All HA foods used in Germany must - in accordance with legal requirements - have proven their suitability in corresponding studies.

The presence of possible allergens in the food can be checked using test methods such as ELISA or immunoblot .

Importance of the intestinal flora

According to the latest studies, the allergy preventive effect of breast milk is based not only on the species-specific protein structure, but also on the content of prebiotic breast milk oligosaccharides . The content of breast milk oligosaccharides is around 1 g / 100 ml, almost as high as the protein content in breast milk. The breast milk oligosaccharides ensure a healthy bifidus-dominant intestinal flora , which seems to have a protective effect on the occurrence of allergies and infections .

For example, the intestinal flora of atopic children contains a higher number of potentially pathogenic germs such as clostridia and a lower number of health- promoting bacteria such as bifidus bacteria than in non-atopic children.

In order to positively influence the intestinal flora, some baby foods currently contain probiotics or prebiotics . The study situation regarding the benefit of probiotic bacteria for allergy prevention, however, provides a mixed picture and rather shows effects in the treatment of atopic dermatitis . The properties of the probiotics are also always to be considered strain-specific and not transferable. The allergy preventive effect of certain prebiotics, however, has been shown in studies.

Studies show that infants develop a bifidus-dominant intestinal flora, as in breast-fed children and non-atopic people, when they are given an infant formula with a specific prebiotic mixture of galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and fructooligosaccharides (FOS). In the latest studies, they also show a very good effect in terms of allergy prevention and the reduction of infections. In particular, the occurrence of atopic dermatitis could be significantly reduced in the studies through the use of infant formula with prebiotics.

In one of these studies, 206 allergy-prone infants up to the age of six months were given either an HA diet with prebiotics or the same diet with a placebo. At six months of age, the incidence of atopic dermatitis in the prebiotic group had decreased by 50 percent compared to the control group. Even at the age of two, atopic dermatitis occurred only half as often in the prebiotic group.

In a further study of 1,187 children without a predisposition to allergies, which was carried out with a new mixture of prebiotic, 5.6 percent of the children in the prebiotic group suffered from atopic dermatitis after one year. This value was in the range of the comparison group of breastfed infants. In the group without the prebiotics in the baby food, the figure was significantly higher at 9.4 percent.

Doubtful benefit

Australian researchers question the benefits of HA baby formula. In a study of 620 infants with a high risk of allergies, they compared the effect of baby food made from cow's milk and hypoallergenic food. They published the results in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ aid Infodienst (2006): Allergy (risk) What can my baby eat?
  2. ↑ S3 guideline : Allergy prevention . AWMF registration number 061/016, as of July 31, 2014.
  3. ↑ S. Koletzko, B. Niggemann, B. Koletzko: Procedure for infants with suspected cow's milk protein allergy. In: Pediatrics. 157, 2009, pp. 687-691.
  4. ↑ Directive 2006/141 / EC of the Commission of December 22nd, 2006 on infant formula and follow-on formula and amending Directive 1999/21 / EC
  5. ^ DS Newburg, SH Neubauer: Carbohydrates in milks: analysis, quantities and significance. In: RG Jensen: Handbook of milk composition. Academic Press, New York 1995.
  6. ^ C Kunz, S. Rudloff, W. Baier, N. Klein, S. Strobel: Oligosaccharides in human milk: structural, functional, and metabolic aspects. In: Ann Rev Nutr. 20, 2000, pp. 699-722.
  7. ^ B. Björksten, E. Sepp, K. Julge: Allergy development and the intestinal microflora during the first year of life. In: J Allergy Clin Immunol . 108, 2001, pp. 516-520.
  8. ↑ M. Kalliomäki, P. Kirjavainen, E. Eerola: Distinct patterns of neonatal gut mircoflora in infants in whom atopy was and was not developing. In: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 108, 2001, pp. 516-520.
  9. ↑ PV Kirjavainen, T. Arvola, SJ Salminen: Aberrant composition of gut microbiota of allergic infants: a target of bifidobacterial therapy at weaning? In: Good . 51, 2002, pp. 51-55.
  10. ↑ M. Kalliomäki, S. Salminen, H. Arvitommi: Probiotics in primary prevention of atopic disease: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. In: The Lancet . 357, 2001, pp. 1076-1079.
  11. ↑ M. Kalliomäki, S. Salminen, T. Poussa: Probiotics and prevention of atopic disease: 4 year follow-up of a randomized placebo-controlled trial. In: The Lancet. 31, 2003, pp. 1869-1871.
  12. ↑ A. Taylor, JA Dunstan, SL Prescott: Probiotic supplementation for the first 6 month of life fails to reduce the risk of atopic dermatitis and increase the risk of allergen sensitization in high-risk children: A randomized controlled trial. In: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 119, 2007, pp. 184-191.
  13. ↑ E. Isolauri, T. Arvola, Y. Suta: Probiotics in the management of atopic eczema. In: Clin Exp Allergy . 30, 2000, pp. 1604-1610.
  14. ↑ H. Majamaa, E. Isolauri: Probiotics: A novel approach in the management of food allergy. In: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 99, 1999, pp. 179-186.
  15. ↑ V. Rosenfeldt, E. Benfledt, S. Dam Nielsen: Effect of probiotic Lactobacillus strains in children with atopic dermatitis. In: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 111, 2003, pp. 389-395.
  16. ↑ a b G. Moro, S. Arslanoglu, B. Stahl: A mixture of prebiotic oligosaccharides reduces the incidence of atopic dermatitis during the first six month of life. In: Arch Dis Child . 91, 2006, pp. 814-819.
  17. ↑ a b S. Arslanoglu, G. Moro, Schmitt J: Early dietary intervention with a mixture of prebiotic oligosaccharides reduce the incidence of allergy associated symptoms and infections during the first 2 years of life. In: JPGN. 44 (6), 2007, p. E217.
  18. ↑ a b G. Boehm: Multi-center Immuno Programming (MIP) Study Group: Poster presentation WCPGHAN. Iguassu Falls, Brazil, August 20, 2008; P0874
  19. ↑ M. Haarman, J. Knol: Qualitative realtime PCR assays to identify and quantify fecal bifidobacterium species in infants receiving a prebiotic infant formula. In: App Environ Microbiol. 71 (5), 2005, pp. 2318-2324.
  20. Jump up ↑ J. Knol, P. Scholtens, C. Kafka: Colon Mircoflora in infants fed formula with galacto- and fructo-oligosaccharides: more like breast-fed infants. In: JPGN. 40, 2005, pp. 36-42.
  21. ^ J. Knol, EGM van der Linde, JCK Wells: An infant formula containing prebiotics change the intestinal mirco flora of term infants. In: JPGN. 36, 2003, p. 566.
  22. ↑ G. Moro, S. Arslanoglu, B. Stahl: A mixture of prebiotic oligosaccharides reduces the incidence of atopic dermatitis during the first six month of life. In: Arch Dis Child. 91, 2006, pp. 814-819.
  23. ↑ Hypoallergenic baby food: Study doubts the benefit - ( apo.net of July 15, 2011)
  24. ↑ Prevention of allergies - hypoallergenic baby food does not help. ( Memento of the original from June 21, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Deutsche Apothekerzeitung . July 28, 2011. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.deutsche-apotheker-zeitung.de
  25. ^ Adrian J. Lowe: Effect of a partially hydrolyzed whey infant formula at weaning on risk of allergic disease in high-risk children: A randomized controlled trial. American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. In: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology . August 2011.