Ibn Hisham

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Ibn Hisham , with full name in Arabic عبد الملك بن هشام بن أيوب الحميري ، أبو محمد ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Hischām ibn Ayyūb al-Himyarī, Abū Muhammed , DMG ʿAbd al-Malik b. Hišām b. Ayyūb al-Ḥimyarī, Abū Muḥammad (born in Basra ; died May 8, 829 or 834 in Fustat ), was an Arabic historian, grammarian and genealogist.

Works

His main work is his adaptation of Ibn Ishāq's biography of the Prophet Mohammed under the title Sīrat Mohammed rasūlillāh  /سيرة محمد رسول الله / Sīrat Muḥammad rasūli ʾllāh  / 'The Biography of Muhammad, the Messenger of God'. At the beginning of the work, Ibn Hischām explains the criteria according to which he made his selection from the original of Ibn Ishaq in the tradition of his student al-Bakkāʾī (d. 799). He has therefore omitted stories in which Mohammed is not mentioned, certain poems, traditions whose accuracy his teacher al-Bakkāʾī could not confirm, and offensive passages that could offend the reader.

His comments on the text of Ibn Ishāq, which - apart from the omissions - he quotes in the wording after his teacher mentioned, are explanations of difficult terms in the Arabic language, additions to genealogical content for certain proper names, the short description of the places mentioned by Ibn Ishaq, etc. These are added to the original text of Ibn Ishāq at the appropriate places with the note: "qāla Ibn Hishām" (Ibn Hishām says).

Ibn Hischām's adaptation of Ibn Ishāq's work was already disseminated around 864 among scholars in Cordoba in Islamic Spain .

The work was first published in Göttingen (1858–1860) in the edition of the German orientalist Ferdinand Wüstenfeld : Das Leben Moḥammeds nach Moḥammed b. Ishāq, edited by ʿAbd al-Malik b. Hisham. Gustav Weil published a translation of it (Stuttgart 1864). In the 20th century the book was printed several times in the Orient.

The German orientalist Gernot Rotter has made an abbreviated German translation that comprises about a third of the work: The Life of the Prophet. As-Sīra an-Nabawīya . Spohr, Kandern im Schwarzwald 1999. The English translation of the work was published in 1955 by the British orientalist Alfred Guillaume : The Life of Muhammad. A translation of Ishaq's Sirat rasul Allah. 11th edition. Oxford University Press, Karachi 1996

His kitāb at-tijān li-maʿrifat mulūk az-zamān fī achbār qahtān  /كتاب التيجان لمعرفة ملوك الزمان في أخبار قحطان / kitāb at-tīǧān li-maʿrifat mulūk az-zamān fī aḫbār qaḥṭān  / 'The book of the crowns for the knowledge of the kings of (bygone) times in the reports on the Qahtān' is a genealogical work with partly legendary reports on the southern Arabs and theirs Buildings in the pre-Islamic period.

literature

Text output

  • Kitāb Sīrat Rasūl Allāh after Muhammed Ibn Ishāk. Arranged by Abd el-Malik Ibn Hischâm. From d. Hs. On Berlin, Leipzig, Gotha a. Leyden ed. by Ferdinand Wüstenfeld . 2 volumes. Göttingen 1858–59, archive.org

Translations

  • Gustav Weil (translator): The life of Muhammad according to Muhammad Ibn Ishâk edited by Abd el-Malik Ibn Hischâm . Stuttgart 1864 (complete translation) archive.org
  • Alfred Guillaume (translator): The Life of Muhammad. A translation of Ishaq's Sirat rasul Allah. 19th edition. Oxford University Press, Karachi 2006, ISBN 0-19-636033-1 . (Full translation)

Further works

  • Albrecht Noth : The Early Arabic Historical Tradition. A Source-Critical Study = Studies in Late Antiquity and Early Islam , 3rd Princeton 1994.
  • Albrecht Not: Source-critical studies on topics, forms and tendencies of early Islamic historical tradition . In: Bonner Orientalistische Studien , NS 25. Bonn 1973.
  • Gregor Schoeler : Character and authenticity of the Muslim tradition about the life of Muhammad. de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1996, ISBN 3-11-014862-5 , pp. 49 ff., 92 ff.
  • Fuat Sezgin : History of Arabic Literature . Brill, Leiden 1967. Volume 1, pp. 297-299
  • Maher Jarrar: The biography of the prophets in Islamic Spain. A contribution to the tradition and editorial history. European university publications. Row III: History and its auxiliary sciences. Vol. 404. Peter Lang, Frankfurt a. M., Bern,
  • Ibn Hisham . In: The Encyclopaedia of Islam . New Edition . Leiden 1971, Volume III.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Fuat Sezgin (1967) p. 289; Gregor Schoeler (1996), p. 50
  2. ↑ Maher Jarrar (1989), p. 255
  3. ↑ Fuat Sezgin (1967) p. 298
  4. ^ Printed in Hyderabad, India, 1928; Fuat Sezgin (1967) p. 299. No. 2.
personal data
SURNAME Ibn Hisham
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Arabic grammarian and scholar of tradition
DATE OF BIRTH 8th century or 9th century
PLACE OF BIRTH Basra
DATE OF DEATH May 8, 829 or May 8, 834
Place of death Fustat