Iconology
As Ikonologie (about ancient Greek εἰκών Eikon , German , image ' and λόγος lógos , teaching') is defined as one in the 1920s and 1930s, resulting discipline of art history , which in addition to wertindifferenten method of shape analysis and the iconography interprets the symbolic forms of a work of art .
The iconological method was first used by Aby Warburg in his Strasbourg dissertation from 1892 on two pictures by Sandro Botticelli . He first used the term iconological analysis for his working method in his lecture on the monthly pictures in the Palazzo Schifanoia in Ferrara , where he succeeded in deciphering the complex astrological picture program of the frescoes. The method was initially used by the so-called Warburg School, to which Warburg's students and staff belonged, such as Gertrud Bing , Fritz Saxl , Walter Solmitz , Edgar Wind and Rudolf Wittkower .
Erwin Panofsky further developed iconology in 1939 to a three-stage scheme of interpretation :
- Pre-iconographic analysis, semantics : what is represented?
- iconographic analysis, syntax : how is it presented?
- Iconological interpretation, pragmatics : what does it mean?
Panofsky distinguishes between three levels:
In addition to art history, the iconological method is an important analytical tool in historical and cultural studies. More recently, the method has also been used in communication studies.
literature
- Carlo Ginzburg: Forensics. About hidden history, art and social memory . dtv, Munich 1988.
- Andreas Beyer (Hrsg.): The readability of art: To the Spiritual Presence of Iconology . Wagenbach, Berlin 1992, ISBN 978-3-8031-5137-7 .
- Johann Konrad Eberlein: Content and content: The iconographic-iconological method . In: Hans Belting, Heinrich Dilly, Wolfgang Kemp, Willibald Säuerländer, Martin Warnke (Hrsg.): Art history: An introduction . 7th, revised and expanded edition. Reimer, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-496-01387-7 , pp. 175-198 .
- Marion G. Müller, Stephanie Geise: Basics of visual communication . 2nd, revised edition. UVK, Konstanz 2015, ISBN 978-3-8252-2414-1 .
- Andreas Beyer: 78 years later - remarks on the spiritual presence of iconology . In: Lena Bader, Johannes Grave, Markus Rath (eds.): The art - brought to language . Wagenbach, Berlin 2017, ISBN 978-3-8031-2784-6 , p. 135-145 .
Web links
- Representation of iconography and iconology in historical studies using the example of the Lübeck-Tallinn dance of death (created at the Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald)