Impulse control disorder

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Impulse control disorder or impulse control disorder as a technical term from psychiatry and clinical psychology describes behavioral disorders in which “repeated actions without reasonable motivation” occur, “which cannot be controlled and which usually damage the interests of the patient concerned or other people”. Impulsivity is a central criterion in this diagnostic group.

An impulse control disorder is a behavioral process in which a certain impulsive behavior is triggered by a state of tension that is experienced as uncomfortable. The impulsive behavior is urgent, often carried out automatically. It is experienced consciously, but cannot be prevented at will or only with difficulty. Impulse control disorders can thus be understood as volition disorder , or - from a neuropsychological perspective - as a disruption of executive functions .

The impulsive behaviors ( affect actions ) can include a very wide range: Eating, buying, playing, nail biting , frenzy in traffic, excessive masturbation , self-harm (in some cases also in borderline personality disorder ).

The prerequisite for assessing impulsive behavior as a mental disorder is that it can be considered "inappropriate", i.e. either does not correspond to the rational goals of the person concerned or causes harm to the person concerned or to other people (e.g. debts, accidents, injuries) .

classification

Classification according to ICD-10
F63 Abnormal habits and impulse control disorders
ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019)

The classification of mental disorders of the World Health Organization (fifth chapter of ICD-10) classifies the following specific disorders separately in the section Abnormal Habits and Impulse Control Disorders :

Other abnormal habits and impulse control disorders (F63.8) can for example be classified as pathological buying , pathological online and pathological work . The intermittent explosive disturbance listed separately in the DSM-IV , which is characterized by temporarily occurring aggressive outbreaks, can also be classified with F63.8.

Unspecified abnormal habits and impulse control disorders are coded under F63.9.

therapy

Treatment approaches work, among other things, with cognitive behavioral therapy . In this case, the goal is not only to prevent the impulse by consciously directing attention (signs, triggers), but also to learn alternative, more functional behavior (i.e. something that helps better and is of longer-term benefit to the person). According to a meta-analysis, habit reversal training and decoupling have proven to be specific behavioral therapeutic techniques .

Psychoanalytic treatment approaches see impulse control disorders as a symptom that can occur in connection with a wide variety of psychological disorders. These therapies aim to change the inner psychodynamics in such a way that psychological functions or competencies such as impulse control and the ability for goal-oriented and realistic self-control are available to the person concerned again or develop anew.

See also

literature

  • Martin Hautzinger, Elisabeth Thies: Clinical Psychology: Mental Disorders compact. Beltz, Weinheim 2009, ISBN 978-3-621-27755-6 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ ICD-10 code F63
  2. Oliver Bilke-Hentsch, Klaus Wölfling, Anil Batra (ed.): Practice book behavior addiction. Symptoms, diagnosis and therapy in children, adolescents and adults . Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 2014, ISBN 978-3-13-171581-4 , p. 203.
  3. ^ NH Azrin, RG Nunn: Habit-reversal: A method of eliminating nervous habits and tics . In: Behavior Research and Therapy . tape 11 , no. 4 , November 1973, pp. 619-628 , doi : 10.1016 / 0005-7967 (73) 90119-8 .
  4. Steffen Moritz, Andras Treszl, Michael Rufer: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Novel Self-Help Technique for Impulse Control Disorders: A Study on Nail-Biting . In: Behavior Modification . tape 35 , no. 5 , September 2011, ISSN  0145-4455 , p. 468-485 , doi : 10.1177 / 0145445511409395 .
  5. Melissa T. Lee, Davis N. Mpavaenda, Naomi A. Fineberg: Habit Reversal Therapy in Obsessive Compulsive Related Disorders: A Systematic Review of the Evidence and CONSORT Evaluation of Randomized Controlled Trials . In: Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience . tape 13 , 2019, ISSN  1662-5153 , p. 79 , doi : 10.3389 / fnbeh.2019.00079 , PMID 31105537 ( frontiersin.org [accessed May 24, 2020]).