Individual expropriation
Individual expropriation , also called individual reappropriation (French: reprise individual) describes a form of direct action aimed at stealing property from the wealthy for the benefit of the poor and was discussed and carried out in the early 20th century, especially in France, Belgium, Great Britain and Switzerland .
concept
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, the founder of anarchism in France, came across in 1840 in his work Qu 'est-ce que la propriété? (“What is property?”) To the conclusion: “ Property is theft !”, Whereby he understood property as a requirement for income without work . In doing so, he placed private ownership of means of production, apartment buildings, securities and the like at the center of his criticism of the prevailing political and social conditions in capitalism . This, like the bourgeois state, which is supposed to protect it, must be fought directly and immediately, appropriated and replaced by self-organized forms of the common good .
At the same time, Bakunin's idea of propaganda was indeed very widespread in anarchist circles.
From this revolutionary idea, individual anarchists derived the idea of expropriating entrepreneurs, politicians and clergy directly by means of theft , burglary and robbery . The individual expropriation was seen as a resistance against the perceived unjust social order, which would oppose a higher natural right to the equal distribution of all goods. There was no debate in favor of violence; the redistribution of goods was seen as morally more valuable.
Eric Hobsbawm , in his study of bandits, described the type of expropriators as revolutionaries who “do not belong to the real world of Robin Hood , but who use it in one way or another and perhaps even accept its myth ”.
Protagonists
Well-known supporters of individual expropriation and other illegalists were Ravachol , Clément Duval and Jules Bonnot in France. In Russia, the groups were Besnatschalie (Without Authority) and Tschernoe Znamya (black standard) notorious for expropriation. In Germany, Max Hoelz and Karl Plättner are counted among them. The Spaniard Lucio Urtubia also acted according to this ideal for a long time.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Pierre Joseph Proudhon: What is property. First memorandum. Investigations into the origin and foundations of law and rule. From d. French v. Alfons Feder Cohn, German first publ. Berlin 1896 New publication Monte Verità (1992), p. 219. ISBN 978-3900434304
- ↑ Eric Hobsbawm: The Bandits . Frankfurt / Main 1972, p. 156; quoted from Walter Fähnders: Anarchism and Literature . Metzler: Stuttgart 1987, p. 36. ISBN 3-476-00622-0