Content-dependent image distortion
Content-dependent image distortion (also known as intelligent , image- or content-dependent photo or image distortion or image scaling , in English as Seam carving , retargeting , Content Aware Image Resizing - CAIR , Content Aware Scaling , Liquid Resizing or Liquid Rescaling ) is a patented method of distortion the aspect ratio of images while protecting the proportions and shapes of relevant image content and thus with the lowest possible perceived distortion. It was originally presented by Shai Avidan from Mitsubishi Electric Research Labs (MERL) and Ariel Shamir ( Interdisciplinary Center and MERL) at SIGGRAPH 2007.
The algorithm creates a dispensability rating for all areas / pixels of the image and then uses this to search for paths of pixels that are as unimportant as possible that run perpendicular to the direction of compression or stretching, and inserts or removes pixels at these joints ( seams , → seam carving ). Different variants of the basic algorithm usually differ in the strategies for creating the dispensability assessment, which is particularly demanding for moving images. In the original, simplest case, this only happens on the basis of the size of the tonal value differences between neighboring pixels (energy). For this weighting, there is the possibility of human intervention in the automatic system and is possible in many implementations. This means, for example, that entire objects can be marked for complete removal.
Adobe Inc. acquired a simple license to use the process from MERL and implemented it in Photoshop CS4 (“Content Aware Scaling” function). Other popular graphics software such as GIMP , digiKam, and ImageMagick also offer implementations of the technology.
Improvements and extensions
- Better energy function and application to moving images (video)
- Combination with trimming and scaling
Web links
- Demonstration videos:
- on Youtube
- on Ariel Shamir's website on the website of the Interdisciplinary Center (in higher resolution)
- Explanation of the technology on the ImageMagick website
- Kristian Sandberg: Visualizing Calculus: The use of the gradient in image processing. July 12, 2001, archived from the original on May 4, 2010 ; accessed on April 28, 2018 .
swell
- ↑ Mitsubishi Electric press release ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Business Wire, December 16, 2008.
- ↑ Adobe Photoshop CS4 new feature list .
- ↑ Liquid Rescale , seam carving plug-in for GIMP
- ^ Announcement of inclusion in digiKam
- ↑ Seam carving capability included in ImageMagick
- ↑ Improved Seam Carving for Video Retargeting. Michael Rubinstein, Ariel Shamir, Shai Avidan. SIGGRAPH 2008.
- ↑ Multi-operator media retargeting. Michael Rubinstein, Ariel Shamir, Shai Avidan. SIGGRAPH 2009.
