Ishimpō
The Ishimpō ( Japanese 医 心 方 , also Ishinpō or Ishinhō ) is a script written by the doctor Tamba no Yasuyori between the years 982 and 984, which is today considered the oldest Japanese work on medicine.
Tamba no Yasuyori gave the script to the imperial court. Smaller excerpts were probably occasionally circulated, but for the most part the text slumbered in the Tennō's library for centuries until it was given to court doctor Nakarai Zuisaku ( 半 井 端 策 ) - presumably for evaluation - by order of Tennō Ōgimachi .
A copy that remained in the Tamba family and was handed down over the centuries through the Taki branch, which was derived from this family, has largely been lost. Another more extensive fragment (books 1, 5, 7, 9 and parts of book 10) is guarded by the Ninna Temple in Kyoto. According to many experts, this version is closer to the original text than the Nakarai text.
In 1854 the Nakarai family bequeathed the works to the Tokugawa government . Today it is in the Tokyo National Museum . The court doctor Taki Motokata ( 多 紀 元 堅 ) carried out a reconstruction compared with the remains in his family's possession . In 1860 the text was made generally accessible for the first time in a woodblock print edition.
The Nakarai family edition and Ninna Temple are designated as a national treasure.
The text, which is divided into 30 roles ( maki ), is largely based on the 7th and 8th century Chinese works Zhū bìng yuán hóu lún ( Chinese 諸 病源 候 論 / 诸 病源 Ursachen und - “Treatise on the causes and course of diseases “), Bèi-jí qiān jīn yào fāng ( 備 急 千金 要 方 / 备 急 千金 要 方 -“ A thousand gold recipes for emergencies ”) and the Wài-tái mì yào fāng ( 外 台 秘要 方 -“ Secret recipes of the Imperial Library ”). But more than a hundred other Chinese scripts have been excerpted or incorporated. Some of these templates have been lost or are only preserved in fragments. Since comparisons with extant Chinese texts show that Tamba no Yasunori quotes fairly precisely, the Ishimpō is also extremely helpful in researching the history of Chinese medicine.
As a result of the widespread use of the literature, the loosely systematized text appears in large parts rather eclectic . Obviously, the author was less concerned with capturing theoretical concepts of Chinese medicine than with practicability.
The Ishimpō is also of great importance as a source for researching the history of the Japanese language. A new edition published by Maki Sachiko has been published successively since 1993 by the Tokyo publisher Chikuma Shobō. Western translations are only available for a few parts.
| part | Japanese | content |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 治病 大体 | Outline of disease therapy |
| 2 | 鍼灸 篇 | Acupuncture and moxibustion |
| 3 | 風 病 篇 | "Wind Suffering" |
| 4th | 美容 篇 | Hair diseases etc. |
| 5 | 耳鼻 咽喉 眼 歯 篇 | Suffering from ears, nose, throat, eyes, nose, teeth |
| 6th | 五 臓 六腑 | Problems with the five yin and six yang organs |
| 7th | 性病 ・ 諸 痔 ・ 寄生虫 篇 | STDs, hemorrhoids , parasites |
| 8th | 脚 病 篇 | Internal medicine ( kakke ) |
| 9 | 咳嗽 篇 | Cough, difficulty breathing |
| 10 | 積聚 ・ 疝 か ・ 水腫 篇 | Abdominal affliction, edema |
| 11 | 痢 病 篇 | Diarrheal diseases |
| 12 | 泌尿 器 | Urinary tract ailments |
| 13 | 虚 労 篇 | States of exhaustion |
| 14th | 蘇 生 ・ 傷寒 篇 | Resuscitation, 'cold damage' |
| 15th | 癰 疽 篇 | shallow and deep sores |
| 16 | 腫瘤 篇 | Swelling |
| 17th | 皮膚病 篇 | Skin diseases |
| 18th | 外傷 篇 | Wounds, fractures |
| 19th | 服 石 篇 | Remedies |
| 20th | 服 石 篇 | Remedies |
| 21st | 婦人 諸 病 篇 | Women suffering |
| 22nd | 胎教 篇 | pregnancy |
| 23 | 産科 治療 ・ 儀礼 篇 | Obstetrics, birth rites |
| 24 | 占 相 篇 | Predictions (prognosis) |
| 25th | 小 児 篇 | Paediatrics |
| 26th | 仙道 篇 | Taoist Practices |
| 27 | 養生 篇 | Health care |
| 28 | 房内 篇 | Sexology, Sexual Practices |
| 29 | 中毒 篇 | Poisoning |
| 30th | 食 養 篇 | Diet |
literature
- Akira Ishihara, Howard S. Levy: The Tao of Sex. Translation of the Twenty-Eight Section of The Essence of Medical Prescriptions (Ishimpo). Yokohama, 1968
- Erhard Rosner: Medical history of Japan. Brill, Leiden / Cologne 1989.
- The essentials of medicine in ancient China and Japan: Yasuyori Tamba's Ishimpō. Tr. with an Introduction and Annotations by ECH Hsia, I. Veith and R. Geertsma. I: Books 1 and 2. II: Books 26, 27 and 28. Leiden, 1986.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Daoist Texts in Translation. (PDF; 573 kB) (No longer available online.) P. 19 , archived from the original on July 17, 2011 ; accessed on November 12, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
