Ivan Honchar
Ivan Makarowytsch Hont crowd ( Ukrainian Іван Макарович Гончар ) (* 27 January 1911 in Lipjanka (Rajon Shpola , Cherkasy Oblast ); † 18th June 1993 in Kiev ) was a Ukrainian sculptor, graphic artist, painter, ethnographer and founder of Kievan Ethnographic Museum .
Ivan Honchar came from a large farming family, as one of eight children.
In 1927 his home village was visited by the musician and ethnologist Maksim Korostasch, who recognized the talent of the village boy, made it possible for him to attend the Kiev craft school and accommodated him in his apartment. Honchar met the musicologist Kliment Kwitka and the writer Olena Ptschilka . He graduated from the arts and crafts school in 1930. From 1931 to 1936 he attended the Kiev Institute of Agricultural Chemistry and Arable Science.
During the Second World War he was called to military service and came to Berlin with the Red Army. After his military service he came to Vienna, where he continued his studies at the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna . He also visited some art centers in Europe. Back in Kiev he occupied himself with panel and wall painting.
Honchar collected works of Ukrainian folk art and founded the first private folk art museum in the USSR in the building, which was built on a plot of land provided by the Union of Artists of the Ukrainian Soviet Republic not far from the Kiev-Pecherska Lavra . The collection comprised about seven thousand exhibits and twenty thousand documentary photographs. The museum opened in 1959. Honchar's success made him jealous enemies. He and his museum were attacked many times, and the workshop building in the courtyard was set on fire. The party leader Petro Schelest also took part in the hate campaign . In 1972 Honchar was forced to hand over the collections to the state museums. His membership in the Communist Party was revoked, which meant the loss of state contracts.
Honchar was awarded the title of Honored Doer of the Arts in 1960, the title of National Artist of the Ukrainian Soviet Republic in 1991 and the State Taras Shevchenko Prize in 1989.
Honchar created numerous memorial sculptures and painted portraits of important personalities of Ukraine as well as pictures of Ukrainian folklore.
Honchar died of leukemia in Theophania, a suburb of Kiev, and was buried in the Baikowe cemetery . After his death, the museum he had founded was nationalized and the museum of his name was founded on this basis.
Since Honchar had remained formally single, he adopted his brother's son, Petro Honchar, who now holds the post of director of the Ivan Honchar Museum .
literature
- «Іван Гончар» / автор-упорядник альбому Г. Богданович. Київ: Мистецтво, 1972.
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| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Honchar, Ivan |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Honchar, Ivan Makarowytsch (full name); Гончар, Іван Макарович (Ukrainian) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Ukrainian sculptor and painter, founder of the Kiev Ethnological Museum |
| DATE OF BIRTH | January 27, 1911 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Lipjanka, Rajon Shpola , Cherkasy Oblast |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 18, 1993 |
| Place of death | Kiev |