Jewish Community (Kladno)
The Jewish community in Kladno (German Kladen ), a town in the Okres Kladno in the Czech Republic , existed from 1893 to 1939 and for a short time after 1945.
history
King Leopold passed a law in 1693 which forbade Jews within the sphere of influence of the Habsburg Monarchy to travel 7 miles from mining towns. This law was not repealed until 1861. The city of Kladno was also affected by this ban. That is why there were only two or three Jewish families in Kladno at the beginning of the 19th century who had special residence permits. After the ban was lifted and due to the increased influx of workers from the 1850s, many Jewish families came to Kladno.
Now a Jewish community was formed, which from 1860 had its own prayer room. A Jewish cemetery was laid out in 1880 and is still in use today.
In 1884 the community already had several hundred members. A synagogue in the style of the New Renaissance was created by the Prague builder Emanuel Brandt and inaugurated in 1884.
In 1893 the community was officially designated as an Israelite religious community. Jewish entrepreneurs were active in the mining and industry of Kladno.
Many Jews left Kladno before the German invasion of the Czech Republic in 1939 . The remaining Jewish population of Kladno was deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp in February 1942 and murdered there or later in the extermination camps in Poland. After the end of the Second World War there was again a Jewish community in Kladno for a short time.
Number of Jews in Kladno
| year | Parishioners | in% of the total population |
|---|---|---|
| 1849 | 3 families | |
| 1880 | approx. 300 people | |
| 1900 | 388 (or 430) people | approx. 2% |
| 1921 | 260 people | |
| 1930 | 210 people | |
| 1942 (May) | no |
Personalities
- Ota Pavel (1930–1973), writer and journalist
- Antonin Raymond (1888–1976), architect
Related articles
literature
- Klaus-Dieter Alicke: Lexicon of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area. Volume 2: Großbock - Ochtendung. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2008, ISBN 978-3-579-08078-9 ( online edition ).
Web links
Kladno, synagogue and Jewish cemetery at mapy.cz. Retrieved January 10, 2020.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Kladno (Bohemia) at jewische-gemeinden.de. Retrieved January 10, 2020.
- ↑ a b Maroš Borský: Synagogue Architecture in Slovakia Towards Creating a Memorial Landscape of Lost Community , Dissertation, 2005, Supervisors: Felicitas Heimann-Jelinek and Michael Hesse , University of Jewish Studies Heidelberg , p. 18, online at archiv.ub.uni -heidelberg.de. Retrieved January 11, 2020.
- ^ Vanda Vitti: (Trans) Formations of Jewish Living Worlds after 1989 , p. 90, online at google books. Retrieved January 11, 2020.
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