Jewish community of Dernau

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Tombstone of Leon Stolz in the Jewish cemetery in Dernau

A Jewish community in Dernau , a community in the Ahrweiler district ( Rhineland-Palatinate ), has been recorded since the end of the 17th century.

history

In a Hebrew manuscript in Oxford / England from 1616 there is a record of a Moses ben Meir called Moses Ternau, who participates as an assessor in an arbitration tribunal in Bonn (dissertation: Klein, Birgit E., Wohltat und Hochverrat; Juda bar Chaijm and the Jews in Old Empire) This is likely to be the "Moschell Judt zu Dernaw" named in the Ahrweiler council minutes in 1619. In the years 1609 to 1619, the Dernau Jews Simon and Levi are also documented in the Ahrweiler council minutes. A document has been preserved in Dernau for the year 1694, which confirms a wine trading business of the local Jew Isaac Senior. (Bertram, M. Buch: "in another country")

In 1690 the Jews of Dernau were named Isaac, Noe and Andres and in 1723 the Jew Cursman.

From the middle of the 19th century, the number of Jews in Dernau declined due to emigration and relocation to the cities . When Ahrweiler was to become the seat of a synagogue district according to the law of 1847 , the Jewish community of Dernau and the Jewish community of Ahrweiler merged. Many of the Dernau Jews then moved to Ahrweiler and Neuenahr. (Heymann and Baer families)

The Jewish community in Dernau had a prayer room and a room for teaching the children in the Heymann family's house. From 1801 to 1847 there is a report of a Jewish school and a total of six Jewish teachers. There was also a ritual bath ( mikveh ), as well as a Jewish cemetery , the oldest in the Ahrweiler district.

Prayer room or synagogue

By the 18th century at the latest there was a prayer room and a Jewish cemetery in Dernau. From 1796 to 1844 the members of the Jewish community in Ahrweiler and the Jews from Lantershofen also visited the prayer room / synagogue in the Heymann family's house in Dernau. In 1844 a prayer room was set up in Ahrweiler, which was also visited by the Dernau Jews from around 1855.

Community development

year Parishioners
1808 20 people
1823 44 people
1858 38 people
1895 14 people
1933 13 people

National Socialist Persecution

Grave of the Bär family in the Jewish cemetery in Dernau , erected after 1945

In 1933 there were still 13 Jewish residents in Dernau: the family of the cattle dealer Jakob Schweitzer (Bonner Strasse 8), whose son Jacob emigrated to the USA in 1939 , and the Bär family. During the November pogrom in 1938 , the windows of the house of the Bär family were smashed and the furnishings and valuables were thrown on the street.

The memorial book of the Federal Archives lists four Jewish citizens born in Dernau who fell victim to the genocide of the National Socialist regime .

literature

  • Klaus-Dieter Alicke: Lexicon of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area. Volume 1: Aach - Groß-Bieberau. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2008, ISBN 978-3-579-08077-2 ( online version ).
  • Annemarie Müller-Feldmann: The Jewish cemetery in Dernau . In: Hans Warnecke (Hrsg.): Evidence of Jewish life in the Ahrweiler district . ARE-Buchhandlung, Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler 1998, ISBN 3-929154-23-4 , pp. 46–54, (documentation of the 19 tombstones).
  • Sebastian Wolfgang Schmitz: On the history of the Jews in Dernau an der Ahr . Mayschoss 2001 [not evaluated]
  • Stefan Fischbach, Ingrid Westerhoff: "... and this is the gate of heaven". Synagogues in Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland . Published by the State Office for the Preservation of Monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate , State Conservatory Office of the Saarland, Synagogue Memorial Jerusalem. Verlag Philipp von Zabern , Mainz 2005, ISBN 3-8053-3313-7 , ( Memorial Book of Synagogues in Germany 2), p. 135.
  • Matthias Bertram: … in another country. History, life and paths of life of Jews in the Rhineland , ISBN 978-3-95631-333-2 , (including Jewish families and their descendants from Dernau (Heymann, Baer, ​​Schweitzer, Stolz, Elkan, Marx, Berg, Meyer and others))

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Commemorative Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945 . Retrieved March 2, 2010.