Judgment Day (Islam)
The last day ( in Arabic اليوم الآخر, DMG al-yaum al-āḫir ), also "Day of Resurrection" ( Arabic يوم القيامة, DMG yaum al-qiyāma ), "Day of Judgment" (ويوم الدين / yaum ad-dīn ) or "day of reckoning" (يوم الحساب / yaum al-ḥisāb ), is the final day of resurrection and reckoning in Islamic eschatology , similar to the other Abrahamic religions . Belief in Judgment Day and judgment are among the core statements of the Koran. Judgment day in Islam is the day on which God as Judge will hold all people to account. All people who have ever lived will be raised and called before God. This is called al-Hashr ( Arabic الحشر, DMG al-ḥašr 'The Gathering (of the Dead)'). But this day will not last a day, but 50,000 years.
Occurrence in the Koran
The word Qiyāma ('rise up, stand up') with the root q-wm occurs over seventy times in the Koran , always in connection with yaum al-qiyāma (“day of resurrection”), for example in the first verse of sura 75 that gives it its name . Belief in Judgment Day is one of the six tenets of Islam. In the Qur'an, the oneness of God and the responsibility of people for their deeds on Judgment Day are the two earliest and most important messages that were preached to the prophet Mohammed in the early Meccan suras . These two messages are so inextricably linked that the Koran equates belief in God with belief in Judgment Day in many places. Islamic works of ʿIlm al-kalam and Islamic philosophy deal with eschatology under the keyword maʿād (معاد 'return'), a word that appears only once in the Koran and is often used instead of resurrection.
References in the Koran (selection)
“Praise be to God, the Lord of men in all the world. To the merciful and gracious who rules on the day of judgment! We serve you and ask for your help. Guide us the straight way, the way of those to whom you have shown grace, not (the way) of those who are addicted to anger and go astray. "
“Among the people there are also those who say, 'We believe in God and the Last Day', without actually believing. They want to deceive God and those who believe. But they only cheat (in reality) to themselves, without being aware of it. "
Events
Prophetically announced signs
According to Islamic belief, everything that is transient ends on “Judgment Day”. The end of the universe is heralded by catastrophic "omens" on earth. Neither the exact time nor the cause of these catastrophes is mentioned. Here are some examples:
- Earthquake (see sura 99 )
- the earth will shed its burdens
- the sky will break
- the graves are turned over
- Lakes are poured out
- The mountains will fly away like tufts of wool
- Emergence of the Dābbat al-Ard
- According to some hadiths, the Dajal and the Mahdi also appear. Furthermore, the return of Jesus is generally expected. Either Jesus or The Mahdi would defeat the Dajjal.
destruction
On the last day the angel Isrāfīl blows the horn twice. The first time, every living being will die. The second time, every living being awakes to reckoning.
resurrection
After the second horn blow, the souls will be sent back into the body and all people and jinn will rise again. After that it will appear as if they were only briefly in their graves.
literature
- Louis Gardet: "Ḳiyāma" in The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition Vol. V, pp. 235b-238b.
- M. Wolff: Mohammedan eschatology, after the Leipzig and Dresden Hs. For the first time arab. u. German m. Note issued. Brockhaus, Leipzig, 1872. pp. 105–15. Digitized
Individual evidence
- ↑ Jane I. Smith: Eschatology . in: Encyclopaedia of the Qur'ān, Vol. 2. Brill, Leiden / Boston / Cologne 2002. ISBN 9789004120358 .