ISO 11446
The International Organization for Standardization describes in its ISO 11446 standard the technical specification for 13-pin connectors for trailer sockets .
ISO 11446 consists of two parts, Part 1 deals with connectors for “pure” road vehicles, Part 2 with connectors for vehicles capable of foraging.
The connector system according to ISO 11446 was developed by Jaeger at the end of the 1980s and is therefore also called the Jaeger system . This must be distinguished from 7-pin plugs according to ISO 1724 and ISO 3732 .
The Multicon system, which exists in parallel according to the Dutch standard NEN 6120, has numerically identical contact assignments, but is mechanically based on the 7-pin connector, to which additional, small contacts have been added in a ring.
connections
The plugs are to be connected according to a predefined numbering. The digits are raised or embossed next to the contacts in a round plug. The numbers define the function of the connected line. The line colors are informative and not standardized, they are as far as possible be observed. Lines 1 to 8 are sufficient to obtain a current, StVO-compliant lighting system according to ECE regulation 48 (January 30, 2011).
The other contacts are intended for electrical comfort equipment mainly in caravans or sales trailers. Very few new vehicles include the extensions ex works; these must be expressly ordered. Retrofit electrical kits for trailer hitches are usually pre-wired, but the extension kits for the final connection are missing. These must also be expressly ordered when placing the order.
The ground lines of the additional supply (contacts no. 11 and 13) and lighting (contact 3) must not be connected to one another on the trailer side. The reason is often the different conductor cross-sections and especially the cable lengths of the associated circuits. Due to the unavoidable voltage drop , when there is a load, this also leads to so-called mass carryovers on the ground lines . This means that a thinner, shorter ground line then transmits the high current of the circuit not intended for this. This can result in scalding damage or even fire.
Executions
ISO 11446 leaves no room to assign the contacts differently. Contacts that are assigned differently can under certain circumstances irreparably damage parts of the electrical system in both the towing vehicle and the trailer.
Until 2003
The original version reflects the technical status of the late 1980s. Trailer electronics were very seldom implemented, mainly simple, universal trailer electronics with exchangeable flasher relays with the additional, so-called C2 flasher light in the dashboard prevailed .
Up to and including 2003, the convenience electrics ( permanent plus and switched plus) were by definition routed via a common ground contact. Both positive contacts can each carry an electrical current of up to 20 amps , so that the common ground line has transmitted up to 40 amps. The consequence of the not inconsiderable overloading was not infrequently the charring of the contacts up to the point where the single ground contact and the cable became unusable.
Contact no. 12 was intended as a "trailer detection" in the form of a ground line returned from the trailer, which, however, was only rarely used by the towing vehicle electrics for this purpose. In addition, practically none of the 13-to-7-pole adapters are equipped with it, which thwarted the benefits.
These methodological inadequacies led to a revision of the contact assignment for the convenience electrics, which has been taken into account in the standard since 2004 and is compatible with the original design, except for the rarely evaluated trailer detection.
Since 2004
With the separate ground at the previously free contact no. 11 for the charging line (no. 10) introduced in 2004, the possibility of overloading the previously common ground contact no. 13 has been reduced. Nonetheless, trailer cabling that has not been adapted cannot use this additional line. It is therefore advisable on the towing vehicle side to separate the ground line at contact no.13 with a fuse with a 20 A tripping current.
The assignment of contact no. 12 of the previous "trailer recognition" was in the context of the lack of acceptance as well as the technical further development is since then unoccupied and provided as a reserve for future extensions. Since then, the optional "trailer detection" function has often been achieved by the towing vehicle using so-called trailer electronics. These also offer the legally prescribed indicator monitoring , so that the indicator relay does not have to be replaced and an additional C2 indicator monitoring system does not have to be installed in the dashboard. In addition, it is not uncommon for the condition of the trailer circuits to be checked permanently by sending a short current pulse to the line at intervals. An intact circuit dampens the voltage in a defined manner and serves as an evaluation signal, which can also be digitized and transmitted to the towing vehicle electronics via CAN bus.
Allocation table
| Connection no. | Color of the insulation (informative) | recommended conductor cross-section [mm²] | Terminal designation according to DIN 72552 | Occupancy since 2004 | Occupancy before 2004 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | yellow | ≥ 1 | L. | left blinker | |
| 2 | blue | ≥ 1 | 54g or NS | Rear fog light | |
| 3 | White | ≥ 1.5 | 31 | Ground for contacts 1 to 8 | |
| 4th | green | ≥ 1 | R. | right blinker | |
| 5 | brown | ≥ 1 | 58R | Tail light, clearance light, license plate light on the right | |
| 6th | red | ≥ 1 | 54 | Brake light | |
| 7th | black | ≥ 1 | 58L | Tail light, clearance light, license plate light on the left | |
| 8th | pink | ≥ 1 | RF or ZR | Reversing light | |
| 9 | orange | ≥ 2.5 | 30L | Power supply ( permanent plus ) | |
| 10 | dark gray | ≥ 2.5 | 30g or 15 | Ignition switch or alternator controlled power supply line. Either for the refrigerator or as a so-called charging line for a trailer battery | |
| 11 | White black | ≥ 2.5 | 31 | Ground for contact 10 only | free for future expansion |
| 12 | light gray | "Reserved for future use" | Ground loop as coding for coupled trailers, connection of contact 3 (ground) with 12 on the trailer, |
||
| 13 | White-red | ≥ 2.5 | 31 | Ground for contact 9 only | Ground for contacts 9 and 10 |
The currently valid edition of the standard has the edition date 2012. An earlier edition was from 2004. There is no currently valid, national adoption as a DIN standard , the earlier DIN 72570 has the status "withdrawn".
Web links
- Table of trailer sockets and contact assignment in the article trailer socket
Individual evidence
- ↑ Regulation No. 48 (PDF) of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN / ECE) - Uniform conditions for the approval of vehicles with regard to the installation of lighting and light-signaling devices, valid from January 30, 2011, PDF, accessed on 25. April 2016.
- ↑ to http://www.ahk-info.de/rat2.html
- ↑ Status of Standard: DIN 72570-1 GERMAN LANGUAGE - (G) ROAD VEHICLES; ELECTRICAL CONNECTION BETWEEN TOWING AND TOWED VEHICLES; 12 V VERSION, DIMENSIONS, CONTACT ALLOCATION, Status: Inactive, accessed on June 3, 2017.