Jainosaurus
| Jainosaurus | ||||||||||||
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| Temporal occurrence | ||||||||||||
| Upper Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian ) | ||||||||||||
| 69.9 to 66 million years | ||||||||||||
| Locations | ||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Jainosaurus | ||||||||||||
| Hunt et al. , 1995 | ||||||||||||
| Art | ||||||||||||
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Jainosaurus is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Titanosauria group . Fossils come from the Upper Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian ) India and include skull bones and parts of the residual skeleton (postcranium). The only species is Jainosaurus septentrionalis .
While other Indian titanosaurs like Titanosaurus are now considered invalid, Jainosaurus, along with Isisaurus , is currently the only valid genus of titanosaur from India.
features
The body length is not known - however, an estimate indicates that the skeleton found belonged to an animal 21.5 meters long. Like all sauropods, Jainosaurus was a four-legged herbivore with a long neck and tail. Jainosaurus differs from other Indian titanosaurs in the alignment of the occipital condyle (an articular knot that directs the skull with the first cervical vertebra), the shape of the basal tubera (appendages below the occipital condyle), and the proportions of the humerus ( Humerus) and the shoulder blade . As autapomorphies contact between square leg and the basal tubers as well as the shape of the Paroccipitalprozesses - (unique features), two features of the skull apply.
Systematics
The relationships within the Titanosauria are unclear. Wilson and colleagues (2009) state that it was a derivative (more modern) representative of the Titanosauria. According to these researchers, Jainosaurus was more closely related to titanosaur genera from Madagascar and South America than to any other Indian genera.
Find, research history and naming
Jainosaurus is based on fragmentary skeletal remains excavated in Bara Simla, a hill near Jabalpur in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh . The same site already contained the holotype material of Titanosaurus . Stratigraphically , the fossils come from the Lameta Formation , an important fossil deposit.
The Jainosaurus bones were first scientifically described by Friedrich von Huene and Charles Matley in 1933 , while they were temporarily kept in the Natural History Museum in London in the 1930s . These researchers ascribed the bones to the genus Antarctosaurus , which von Huene previously described from South America, and named the new species Antarctosaurus septentrionalis . While the name Antarctosaurus means something like "not northern lizard" ( Greek ant- (anti) - "opposite", arktos - "north", saura - "lizard"), the epithet plays septentrionalis ( Latin septem - "seven ", Trio -" plow ox ") to the seven brightest stars of the constellation Great Bear and had the meaning" north "for the Romans. Antarctosaurus septentrionalis therefore means "southern lizard from the north" - von Huene and Matley probably chose this name to underline that this species was found in India, although the genus Antarctosaurus is otherwise only known from South America.
McIntosh (1990) showed that Antarctosaurus septentrionalis no closer to the South American Antarctosaurus - type species ( Antarctosaurus wichmannianus is related). Thus Hunt and colleagues (1995) put the species in its own genus - Jainosaurus . The name Jainosaurus honors the Indian paleontologist Sohan Lal Jain. In 2009 Jeffrey A. Wilson and colleagues published a new description of the findings.
The remains from Bara Simla include a fragmentary brain skull and cranial roof ( lectotype , specimen number GSI K27 / 497) as well as isolated bones of the remaining skeleton, including rib fragments, a caudal vertebra, four chevron bones , shoulder blades, sternum, humerus, and radius ) and ulna. Further Jainosaurus finds have since been reported from other Indian sites .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Gregory S. Paul : The Princeton Field Guide To Dinosaurs , Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ 2010, ISBN 978-0-691-13720-9 , p. 208, online ( Memento of the original of July 13, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
- ↑ a b c d e f Jeffrey A. Wilson, Michael D. D'emic, Kristina A. Curry Rogers, Dhananjay M. Mohabey, Subashis Sen: Reassessment of the sauropod dinosaur Jainosaurus (= "Antarctosaurus") septentrionalis from the upper cretaceous of India. In: University of Michigan. Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology. Vol. 32, No. 2, 2009, ISSN 0097-3556 , pp. 17-40.
- ↑ Thomas R. Holtz Jr .: Supplementary Information. to: Thomas R. Holtz Jr .: Dinosaurs. The most complete, up-to-date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of all ages. Random House, New York NY 2007, ISBN 978-0-375-82419-7 , online (PDF; 184.08 kB) .
- ^ Adrian P. Hunt, Martin G. Lockley, Spencer G. Lucas, Christian A. Meyer: The global sauropod fossil record. In: Gaia. Revista de Geociências. No. 10, 1995, pp. 261-279, digitized version (PDF; 47.14 MB) .
- ↑ Ben Creisler: Dinosauria Translation and Pronunciation Guide ( Memento October 13, 2011 in the Internet Archive ).
