João Café Filho
João Fernandes de Campos Café Filho (born February 3, 1899 in Natal , † February 20, 1970 in Rio de Janeiro ) was a Brazilian politician. In the mid-1950s he was president .
João Café Filho grew up in Natal and then studied law in Recife. Although he did not graduate from this degree, his practical experience allowed him to work at the Natal Court.
From 1921 he worked as a journalist in several states in northeastern Brazil and in Rio de Janeiro, the then capital of the country. After he ran several times unsuccessfully in local elections, he took part in the 1930 overthrow of Getúlio Dornelles Vargas . He then served as police chief of the state of Rio Grande do Norte .
In 1933 he founded his own party, the Partido Social Nacionalista, and sat in parliament for two years. Because of criticism of the dictatorial style of leadership of Getúlio Dornelles Vargas , he could not be active in politics for seven years and even spent a year in exile in Argentina .
Just before the Estado Novo collapsed, Café Filho joined the Partido Republicano Progressista (PRP), which existed from 1945 to 1965. From 1946 he was a member of the constituent assembly. After the PRP united with other parties and renamed itself Partido Social Progressista (PSP), it chaired the parliamentary group of this party.
In the 1950 elections, Café Filho's party entered into an alliance with the Workers' Party of Getúlio Dornelles Vargas. They achieved an election victory; Vargas and Café Filho were sworn in as President and Vice President respectively on January 31, 1951. Although Café Filho did not agree to all of Vargas' measures, he did not have the power to do anything about him. When a scandal brought the president into great distress in 1954, Café Filho saw the opportunity to take over the presidency. On August 23, 1954, Café Filho announced the resignation of Getúlio Dornelles Vargas and himself. With Vargas' suicide on August 24, 1954, the presidency fell to the vice-president according to the constitution. On the same day, Café Filho was sworn in in the Palácio Laranjeiras.
The brief presidency of Café Filho was marked by economic problems - inflation and a high budget deficit. At the same time, elections were imminent. On October 3, 1955, Juscelino Kubitschek won the elections. There were rumors that Café Filho would not hand over the presidency to Kubitschek.
On November 3, 1955, Café Filho suffered a heart attack, as a result of which the President of Parliament, Carlos Coimbra da Luz , temporarily took over the presidency. He passed the office on November 11, 1955 to the Vice President of the Senate, Nereu de Oliveira Ramos . On November 21, 1955, Café Filho informed the National Congress that it wanted to resume office. However, Parliament announced that Café Filho was still prevented from exercising office and left the office in the hands of Nereu Ramos. The Brazilian Supreme Court upheld the parliamentary procedure, although Café Filho was not removed from office.
Café Filho retired from politics and worked from 1957 to 1969 in a real estate company in Rio de Janeiro and as an auditor.
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Getúlio Dornelles Vargas |
President of Brazil 1954–1955 |
Carlos Coimbra da Luz |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Café Filho, João |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Café Filho, João Fernandes de Campos; Café Filho; Campos Café Filho, João Fernandes de |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Brazilian politician and President of Brazil |
| DATE OF BIRTH | February 3, 1899 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | natal |
| DATE OF DEATH | 20th February 1970 |
| Place of death | Rio de Janeiro |