Nordeste region

States of the Nordeste Region:

1 Maranhão

2 piauí

3 Ceará

4 Rio Grande do Norte

5 Paraíba

6 Pernambuco

7 Alagoas

8 sergipe

9 Bahia

Northeastern Brazil subregions

1 Meio-Norte

2 sertão

3 Agreste

4 Mata Atlântica

Região Nordeste (German: Northeast Region, Region Northeast, Northeast Brazil ) describes a statistical-geographical region of Brazil , which was formed in 1969 as one of five major regions by the statistical office, the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). It includes the population and territory of nine of the Brazilian states .

backgrounds

The Região Nordeste do Brasil (RN) makes up 1,554,246.5 km² around 18% of the area of ​​Brazil. At the same time, it is the region with the second highest population of around 53,081,950 after the Região Sudeste . On gross domestic product , the nine countries in the region are involved with 13.5%. The collection of statistical core data by the IBGE took place through the census of 2010.

The north-east is not very developed industrially with a high number of unemployed, but is somewhat better developed than the Região Norte in the north and west . The area has neither a uniform landscape form or vegetation zone nor a common cultural area or is a uniform economic area. The population speaks different dialects such as Nordestino , Baiano , Sertanejo , Cearense , Recifense or Serra amazônica . The illiteracy rate of 6% (2009) is slightly below the national average. The region is culturally very diverse. It is shaped by the Portuguese colonial rule, by the African culture of the former slaves and, last but not least, by Indian influences.

Characteristics are general underdevelopment, drought with crop disasters, insufficient water supply and internal migration to the south. The measures against it, which already showed little success in the north and northeast during the time of the Vargas dictatorship and its Estado Novo as well as under the presidency of Juscelino Kubitschek with his concentration of the development of the center of the country, took place after the beginning of the military dictatorship (1964–1985 ) necessary to create a network of different planning instruments with their authoritarian-bureaucratic structures. Brazil was divided into five major regions; the IBGE was supposed to support the planning and monitor developments through statistical information and analyzes. It provides the central government and the state governments with the necessary data.

In geopolitical and economic geographical terms , Brazil is also divided into three large geo-economic areas, one of which is the Região geoeconômica Nordeste do Brasil .

The polygon of drought (Polígono das Secas) describes the states and cities affected by the desertification towards the north that began in the middle of the 19th century from Ceará . Since no fixed boundaries can be determined, the area is repeatedly redefined.

Colloquially, Northeast also describes a geographically not exactly defined area within Brazil, similar to the German northern Germany .

Institutions

The northeast region is not an administrative unit of Brazil like the states or the municípios are, but certain measures are taken through joint, generally semi-governmental bodies. Significant of these facilities are:

SUDENE

The SUDENE , Superintendência do Desenvolvimento do Nordeste (SUDENE), German: Supervision of the development of the northeast , has its seat in Recife. It was built on December 15, 1959, has since been replaced by the Agência do Desenvolvimento do Nordeste (ADENE) and re-established on January 3, 2007. Your main tools are

• Plano Regional de Desenvolvimento do Nordeste (PRDNE);
• Fundo Constitucional de Financiamento do Nordeste (FNE);
• Fundo de Desenvolvimento do Nordeste (FDNE).

She published extensive statistical material, mainly based on information from the IBGE, in 2013 with Nordeste em números 2011 (Northeast in numbers). The area of ​​responsibility of the SUDENE is expanded to include parts of the states of Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo in the south .

Forum dos Governadores do Nordeste

The Fórum dos Governadores do Nordeste (FGN) is a periodic meeting of the governors of the states concerned, in which Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo also take part, with the participation of the federal government.

Banco do Nordeste

The Banco do Nordeste (Bank of the Northeast) is a development bank founded in 1952 specifically for the Northeast with its headquarters in Fortaleza .

Department Nacional de Obras Contra as Secas

The Departamento Nacional de Obras Contra as Secas (DNOCS) is an independent authority founded in 1909. The main tasks are measures for regional water supply. It is assigned to the Ministério da Integração Nacional .

States of the Nordeste Region

See main articles: Alagoas , Bahia , Ceará , Maranhão , Paraíba , Pernambuco , Piauí , Rio Grande do Norte , Sergipe .

Brazilian states in the Nordeste region

State	Capital	Population census 2010	2019 estimate	Area 2019	Cities
Alagoas	Maceió	3,120,494	3,337,357	27,843.3 km²	102
Bahia	Salvador	14,016,906	14,873,064	564,760.4 km²	417
Ceará	Fortaleza	8,452,381	9,132,078	148,894.4 km²	184
Maranhão	São Luís	6,574,789	7,075,181	329,642.2 km²	217
Paraíba	João Pessoa	3,766,528	4,018,127	56,467.2 km²	223
Pernambuco	Recife	8,796,448	9,557,071	98,067.9 km²	185
Piauí	Teresina	3,118,360	3,273,227	251,756.5 km²	224
Rio Grande do Norte	natal	3,168,027	3,506,853	52,809.6 km²	167
Sergipe	Aracaju	2,068,017	2,298,696	21,925.4 km²	75
total					1,794

Subregions

In the east from the Atlantic lies the forest zone of the Mata Atlântica , the transition area of ​​the Agreste , the Sertão and in the west the transition region between the dry area and the rainforests of the Amazon basin of the Meio-Norte .

literature

• Hamilton Reis de Oliveira, Leonardo Dias: Nordeste do Brasil. Sinopse Estatística 2014. Banco do Nordeste do Brasil, Fortaleza 2014, ISBN 978-85-7791-238-7 . (PDF; 4.1 MB)
• Nordeste em números 2011. SUDENE, Recife 2013, ISBN 978-85-67579-01-6 . (PDF; 15.1 MB).
• Michael Schwalbach: Authoritarianism and Economic Policy in Brazil (1964–1985). On the political economy of the economic development of the northeast region. Lang, Frankfurt am Main a. a. 1999, ISBN 3-631-33707-8 (also: Diss. Mainz, Univ. 1993).

Web links

Commons : Northeastern Brazil  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Website SUDENE

Individual evidence

1. ↑ pt: Dialeto da serra amazônica
2. ↑ Nordeste em números 2011. Recife 2013, p. 57.
3. ↑ Erich Arnold von Buggenhagen: The drought in the northeast. In: Staden yearbook. Contributions to Brazilian Studies. Instituto Hans Staden , São Paulo, Volume 3, 1955, pp. 19-29.
4. ↑ On combating the desert, also compare the brief information: Revitalization and climate improvement in northeastern Brazil. ISAB, Institute for Social Science Analysis and Consulting, Cologne.
5. ↑ Ministério da Integração Nacional: Relatório Final do Grupo de Trabalho Interministerial para Redelimitação do Semi-Árido Nordestino e do Polígono das Secas. Brasília 2005. (Portuguese; PDF; 4.1 MB) [accessed on August 3, 2016].
6. ↑ Results of the census of Aug. 1, 2010, Table 1.4 (PDF; 74 kB) Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística [accessed on July 31, 2016].
7. ^ Results of the census of Aug. 1, 2010, Table 1.1 (PDF; 55 kB) Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística [accessed on July 31, 2016].

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