Fortaleza

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Fortaleza
Coordinates: 3 ° 47 ′  S , 38 ° 35 ′  W
Map: Brazil
marker
Fortaleza
Fortaleza on the map of Brazil
Basic data
Country BrazilBrazil Brazil
State CearáCeará Ceará
City foundation 13th April 1726 (age 294)
Residents 2,669,342  (estimate as of July 1, 2019)
- in the metropolitan area 4,074,730
City insignia
Brasão de Fortaleza.svg
Bandeira de Fortaleza.svg
Detailed data
surface 313.140
Population density 7363 inhabitants / km 2
height 21  m
prefix +55 85
Time zone UTC −3
City Presidency Roberto Cláudio
City patron Our Lady of the Assumption
Website www.fortaleza.ce.gov.br
Fortaleza waterfront at night
Fortaleza waterfront at night
Fortaleza Beach
Fortaleza Beach
Catedral Metropolitana de Fortaleza
Catedral Metropolitana de Fortaleza

Fortaleza [ furtɐ'ɫezɐ ], officially Município de Fortaleza , is the capital of the Brazilian state of Ceará with over 2.6 million inhabitants. Fortaleza is the fifth largest city in Brazil. The longest Brazilian motorway BR-116 begins in Fortaleza. Fortaleza is the birthplace of the writers José de Alencar and Rachel de Queiroz , the comedian Chico Anysio and the former president Humberto Castelo Branco .

history

The region was inhabited by Indians, the Tapuias , until around 1000 AD . At that time they were pushed into the interior of the continent by Tupi Indians from Amazonia . These Tupi Indians were mainly the Potiguaras , who were later portrayed by José de Alencar in the book "Iracema".

The Spanish sailors Vicente Yáñez Pinzón and Diego de Lepe landed in Ceará before the Portuguese sailor Pedro Álvares Cabral's voyage to Brazil in 1500. These findings were probably not officially made public due to the Treaty of Tordesillas ( 1494 ).

The first Potiguaras came to today's city of Fortaleza around 1597/1598.

From 1603 the Portuguese began to colonize Ceará. In 1631, at the beginning of the reign of the German Prince Johann Moritz von Nassau-Siegen , the Dutch tried to conquer their Fort São Sebastião, but this joint action with the Potyguaras failed. In 1637 there was the Dutch invasions in Brazil and Fort São Sebastião was conquered with the help of Indians. In 1644 the fort was destroyed by locals. The Dutch were killed or driven out.

In 1649 there was a new Dutch expedition in Ceará, which had previously been negotiated with the natives. A Forte Schoonenborch was built on the banks of the Riacho Pajeú stream . It was at this time that the history of Fortaleza began, under the command of former Dutch commander Matthias Beck.

With the retreat of the Dutch in 1654 , the fortress was renamed. 1726 , the fort was on the status of Vila raised. In 1799 Ceará was separated from Pernambuco and Fortaleza was chosen as the capital of the new state.

During the 19th century , Fortaleza grew financially stronger with the export of cotton and new direct shipping routes to Europe . 1824 was a special year for Fortaleza, with social unrest due to a republican revolution during the monarchist period called the Confederação do Equador .

Fortaleza was the center of two great movements in Brazil: the Abolitionists and the Republican Movement, which replaced slavery in Ceará in 1884 - four years earlier than in the rest of Brazil - and brought about movements for the spread of modernist ideas in Brazilian literature.

Population development of the city

year population
1991 1,768,637
2000 2,141,402
2010 2,452,185
2019 2,669,340

Immigrants

In the early 20th century , the immigrants came mainly from Portugal. Syrian-Lebanese immigrants also formed a strong community in Fortaleza. Spaniards, Italians, English and French were also naturalized. According to a 2011 genetic study, the majority of Fortaleza's population was predominantly of European descent (> 70%), with large proportions of African and Native American origins.

Energy, water and sewage

Electrical energy is supplied by the privatized company ENEL. They were previously controlled by the then Spanish Endesa and are now under the control of the Italian ENEL. The tap water has no drinking water quality. Wastewater is processed by the privatized company Cagece. Fortaleza has two power plants for generating electricity: an experimental one for generating wind energy near the port and another for generating biogas.

health

In 2005 there were 70 hospitals. The most important hospital is the Instituto José Frota ( Jota F ), as well as the largest hospital for emergencies operated by the state government, the Hospital Geral de Fortaleza . The health services are supplemented by two units from the Farmácia Popular do Brasil .

tourism

Fortaleza is a popular tourist destination . The tropical climate, the coast and many attractions attract tourists from home and abroad.

The city has 15 beaches with a length of 36 kilometers. The most famous city beach is Praia de Iracema , which was named by the writer José de Alencar after the novel Iracema .

The city can be reached via the international airport Pinto Martins - Fortaleza .

Risk areas and security

Brazil as a whole, and especially the northeast, are among the most criminal regions in the world. There are slums in almost every district of the city. The districts of Bom Jardim, Mondubim, Bairro do Barra Ceará, Park Brothers, Pirambu, Praia do Futuro, Jorge Henrique and Antonio Bezerra are the most dangerous districts of Fortaleza. On the kilometer-long sandy beach Praia do Futuro , which is heavily frequented by tourists , residents have set up warning signs of repeated attacks on pedestrians and vehicles, which also regularly involve the use of firearms.

In the first half of 2015, there was an average of 11.6 homicides per day in the state of Ceará. Although the statistics cover the entire state of Ceara, the vast majority of these acts are committed in Fortaleza and the suburbs. According to the latest reports, the number of bus robberies has increased by 309% in the last two years. According to the population, the police no longer have the security situation under control. Assaults and murders are also committed in broad daylight and in busy locations. According to calculations based on statistics from the Secretaria da Segurança Pública e Defesa Social (SSPDS) from August 2015, an armed attack occurs every 13 minutes in the city. This only includes the robberies reported by report. The number of unreported cases is considerably higher because the victims often do not report to the police. The local press rarely reports on the large number of violent crimes. Only particularly extraordinary cases are still worth press releases. Small offenses are rarely reported.

Attractions

  • Teatro José de Alencar
  • Museu Histório e Antropológico do Ceará .
  • Parque Ecológico do Cocó
  • Centro Dragão do Mar
  • Feira de Artesanato da Beira-Mar
  • Praia do Titanzinho
  • Museu do Ceará
  • Museu de Fortaleza
  • Passeio Público de Fortaleza
  • Casa José de Alencar
  • Center of Artesanato do Ceará
  • Mercado Central de Fortaleza
  • Pólo comercial da Avenida Monsenhor Tabosa
  • Emcetur
  • Estacão Ferroviária João Felipe
  • Praça do Ferreira
  • Beach Park
  • Mercado do Mucuripe
  • Beira-Mar
  • Ponte dos Ingleses
  • Praia de Iracema
  • Estoril
  • Centro de Convencões
  • Praça Portugal
  • Shopping Iguatemi
  • Shopping Aldeota
  • Shopping Del Paseo
  • Praia do Futuro
  • Estádio Plácido Aderaldo Castelo

Events

The 10th National Eucharistic Congress was opened on July 9, 1980, attended by Pope John Paul II and 120,000 people.

In July 2005 the German-Brazilian Business Days were held in Fortaleza .

On August 5, 2005 , the largest bank robbery in Brazilian history took place in Fortaleza . The perpetrators entered the central bank's branch there through a tunnel they had dug themselves and stole more than 150 million reals (around 55 million euros). Some perpetrators have been caught, but the mastermind has not yet been caught. There is still no trace of the equivalent of more than 50 million euros of the bank robbery.

Climate table

Fortaleza
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
130
 
31
25th
 
 
216
 
30th
23
 
 
339
 
30th
24
 
 
348
 
30th
23
 
 
226
 
29
23
 
 
160
 
30th
22nd
 
 
91
 
30th
22nd
 
 
31
 
29
23
 
 
23
 
29
23
 
 
16
 
31
25th
 
 
13
 
31
24
 
 
50
 
31
25th
Temperature in ° Cprecipitation in mm
Source: wetterkontor.de
Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Fortaleza
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 30.5 30.1 29.7 29.7 29.1 29.6 29.5 29.1 29.2 30.5 30.7 30.7 O 29.9
Min. Temperature (° C) 24.7 23.2 23.8 23.4 23.4 22.1 21.8 22.6 23.4 24.5 24.4 24.6 O 23.5
Precipitation ( mm ) 130 216 339 348 226 160 91 31 23 16 13 50 Σ 1,643
Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 7.0 6.2 4.8 5.1 6.7 8.0 8.5 9.5 9.4 9.6 9.4 8.3 O 7.7
Rainy days ( d ) 12 14th 21st 18th 16 12 10 4th 4th 5 4th 7th Σ 127
Humidity ( % ) 78 79 84 85 82 80 80 75 74 73 74 76 O 78.3
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
30.5
24.7
30.1
23.2
29.7
23.8
29.7
23.4
29.1
23.4
29.6
22.1
29.5
21.8
29.1
22.6
29.2
23.4
30.5
24.5
30.7
24.4
30.7
24.6
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g
130
216
339
348
226
160
91
31
23
16
13
50
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source: wetterkontor.de

sons and daughters of the town

Well-known people who were born in Fortaleza include the liberation theologian and archbishop of Olinda and Recife Hélder Câmara (1909–1999) and the writer Rachel de Queiroz (1910–2003).

Web links

Commons : Fortaleza  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Brazil: States and Major Cities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather, and Web Information. Retrieved July 26, 2018 .
  2. ^ Official statistics of Brazil - and their critics. Example murder rate Klaus Hart Brasilientexte, accessed January 7, 2012
  3. ^ UN report: Brazil has global murder statistics on Ria Novosto Online, accessed October 7, 2011
  4. Centro Integrado de Operações de Segurança do Estado de Ceará - CIOPS statistics on Fortaleza May 28, 2007 (pt)
  5. http://www.blogdofernandoribeiro.com.br/index.php/81-categorias/violencia-urbana/1014-foto-flagrante-cansados-de-presenciar-assaltos-na-avenida-moradores-colocam-placas-avisando -a-populacao-sobre-o-perigo
  6. http://g1.globo.com/ceara/noticia/2014/12/turista-alemao-e-baleado-em-assalto-na-praia-do-futuro-em-fortaleza.html
  7. http://tvdiario.verdesmares.com.br/videos/detalhes-de-videos?id=ea4fe52b67dfdae3f978473fc1dc7174
  8. http://www.blogdofernandoribeiro.com.br/index.php/81-categorias/violencia-urbana/933-primeiro-semestre-de-2015-termina-com-2-100-assassinatos-no-ceara
  9. http://diariodonordeste.verdesmares.com.br/cadernos/cidade/inseguranca-desvia-rota-de-onibus-1.814140
  10. http://www.blogdofernandoribeiro.com.br/index.php/86-categorias/descaso-cidade/1007-lojistas-pressionam-ea-seguranca-publica-modifica-e-reforca-o-policiamento-no-centro -de-fortaleza
  11. http://www.blogdofernandoribeiro.com.br/index.php/9-categorias/1108-fortaleza-registra-um-assalto-a-cada-13-minutos-no-ceara-um-roubo-a-cada -nove
  12. http://www.blogdofernandoribeiro.com.br/index.php/81-categorias/violencia-urbana/855-pesquisa-da-presidencia-da-republica-confirma-o-estado-calamitoso-da-violencia-no -ceara
  13. http://www.blogdofernandoribeiro.com.br/index.php/component/content/article/9-categorias/956-sao-joao-de-fortaleza-bptur-prende-ladroes-que-praticavam-assaltos-e -arrastoes-no-entorno-do-aterro-da-praia-de-iracema
  14. Polícia encerra investigação sobre furto ao BC de Fortaleza Folha Online, accessed November 11, 2007 (pt)