Johann Bucker
Johann Bucker , also Johann Bücker (born before 1696 possibly in Xanten ; buried on September 29, 1723) was a German cartographer . He was the draftsman and author of what is now called Bucker's maps , which appeared for the first time at the beginning of the 18th century. The maps were detailed, precise for the time, and z. Sometimes colored drawings of rivers and banks, especially on the Lower Rhine .
Life
Johann Bucker, whose work has been documented between 1696 and 1723 and who described himself as a licensed and sworn surveyor , is known to have come from Xanten and was buried there on September 29, 1723 by the chaplain. As for the cards, he worked on behalf of the Klevian governments and the Xanten monastery . It can be assumed that a Xanten aldermen named Johann Bucker who was mentioned several times after 1696 is identical to the cartographer . From 1712 to 1750 another land surveyor with the name Johann Bücker can be traced in the books of the Xantener Stift, probably a son of Bucker.
The original maps still preserved are in the holdings of the North Rhine-Westphalian State Archive Rhineland Department and the State Archive Department Westphalia .
Buckersche cards
Bucker's main work is the "Map of the Rhine from Duisburg to Arnhem from 1713". Furthermore, mappings of the course of the Lippe near Werne are known as well as individual maps of river courses near cities on the Lower Rhine. In historical specialist literature reference is often made to Bucker maps, such as in Ernst Kelter's research on the village of Halen (Lower Rhine) (near Duisburg-Baerl), which perished in 1595 . Buckersche maps are also used in the investigations into Wallacherr dyke construction in 1580, as well as on the website of the Dinslaken mill portal.
Rhine map from 1713
Pictures of the villages and permanent houses on the Lower Rhine have been around since the 16th century. What is important is the work of Jan de Beijer , who in his cabinet offered views from the Klever domain in particular, but did not map the course of the river himself, but made drawings of cities and landscapes. A continuous strip of banks of the Rhine in what was then Klever's domain is only offered by the map by Johann Buckers from 1713. The original on paper, now in the State Archives in Düsseldorf, is about 11.20 meters long, 40 cm wide and has the signature: Maps 4801 . There is also an edition of the main state archive with 14 individual maps , explained by Erich Wisplinghoff in 1984.
Purpose and yardstick
The map was a commissioned drawing for the Klever Herrschaft and for the subsequent Kingdom of Prussia from July 19, 1711. It was primarily about the domain ownership on the Rhine, on the shorelines, which are constantly changing due to floods, and on the many islands, including of deposits and breaks. Johann Bücker fulfilled this order and created a detailed and informative map of the relevant section of the Rhine for today's research. As for the views of cities, villages, and landscapes, Bucker worked in less detail and mostly with symbolic representations. The number and allocation of the buildings shown on the map do not correspond to the actual conditions, although he tried to show typical buildings in a recognizable way. The scale also changed between individual sections of the river. Overall, with a length of the map of 11.20 meters and a recorded linear distance of about 100 kilometers, a mean scale of 1: 8500 came out.
Rheinstrom
At first glance it can be seen that the course and structure of the Rhine at that time differed significantly from its current course. In particular, the many sands and islands stand out, as well as the landings and demolitions, which the author has specially marked with notes and red lines. The corresponding labels are missing from Schenkenschanz (near Emmerich) to Arnheim . In order to avoid demolitions, plantings were made or the bank was fortified with fascine systems . The cribs (or groynes ) often used for this purpose were usually drawn in oversized by the author. The cribs were supposed to equalize the pressure of the current and divert it away from endangered bank areas.
accuracy
Bucker does not seem to have "measured" most of the bank sections, but rather "inspected" them, which resulted in inaccuracies in the scale and in some proportions. All in all, his drawings are described as remarkable , they fully did justice to the commission to update the location drawings of the Klevian / Prussian domains and are now regarded as important additions to the work of Jan de Beijer.
literature
- Erich Wisplinghoff : Explanations from 1984 to: Johann Bucker: Map of the Rhine from Duisburg to Arnheim from 1713. Publisher: North Rhine-Westphalian State Archives. Düsseldorf 1984, pp. 5-10.
- Jan de Beijer: Het devastated Kleefsland of kabinet van Kleefse oudtheiden. 1972.
- HP Hilger: The monuments of the Rhineland. Vol. 3-7, 1964-1970.
- F. Gorissen: Land on the Lower Rhine. 1940.
- Ch. Hoppe: The great river shifts of the Lower Rhine. 1970.
- F. Siepmann: The Rhine - shipping and industry map. 1966.
- Annette Fimpeler: Shipping and its vehicles on the Lower Rhine. Düsseldorf 2008, ISBN 978-3-7700-3057-6 .
- Ernst Kelter: Chronicle of the community Rheinkamp. Verlag Aug. Steiger, Moers 1978, ISBN 3-921564-13-1 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Landesarchiv NRW, Duisburg Signature PA5104: FX 1/9 page 541 right page 16. Entry "Sac [ellanus]: D [ominus] Jo [ann] em Scabinum Bucker et geometrum pegium juratum et perexpertum"
- ↑ a b c d e f Erich Wisplinghoff, explanations from 1984 on: Johann Bucker: Map of the Rhine from Duisburg to Arnheim from the year 1713. Publisher: North Rhine-Westphalian State Archives, Düsseldorf 1984, pp. 5–10.
- ^ Ernst Kelter: Chronicle of the community Rheinkamp. Verlag Aug. Steiger, Moers 1978, ISBN 3-921564-13-1 , pp. 78-83.
- ↑ Gerhard Aymans: The Wallacher Deichschau in 1580. On the source value of early modern survey hand plans and maps. In: Geography: Archives for Scientific Geography. 49 (1995) No. 3, OCLC 695153884 , pp. 197-212.
- ↑ http://www.muehlenmuseum-dinslaken-hiesfeld.de/inf-epping.htm Mühlenmuseum
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Bucker, Johann |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Bucker, Johann |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German cartographer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | before 1696 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | unsure: Xanten |
| DATE OF DEATH | buried September 29, 1723 |