Johann Muskata

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Poland in the time of Johann Muskata

Johann Muskata (also Jan Muskata ) (* around 1250 in Breslau , Duchy of Breslau ; † February 7, 1320 in Krakow , Kingdom of Poland ) was Bishop of Krakow from 1294 .

Life

Johann was the son of a Breslau merchant who traded in exotic spices, from which the nickname nutmeg was derived. Although he was likely of German descent, his nationality has been widely debated between historians.

As bishop, Johann Muskata supported the claims of the Bohemian King Ottokar II Přemysl and his successor Wenceslaus II , whom he served as Vice Chancellor in 1301. Bishop Mukata, also armed, opposed the Polish senior duke Władysław I. Ellenlang , who had gained control of the city of Krakow in 1306 . That is why he was imprisoned in 1308 and released again in 1309 after an appeal by Pope Clement V. After the crackdown on the Kraków uprising of Bailiff Albert in 1311, it remained largely ineffective. His internal church opponent was the Archbishop of Gniezno Jakub Świnka , who tried Muskata before a church court as an "enemy of the Polish people". Shortly before his death he attended the coronation of his former opponent Władysław I. Ellenlang as King of Poland. His successor on the Krakow bishopric was Nanker .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Tomasz Pietras: W kwestii pochodzenia biskupa Krakowskiego Jana Muskaty [The Problem of the origin of Kraków bishop Muskata] . 2001 (Polish, online [PDF]).
  2. ↑ Jerzy Jan Lerski, Piotr Wróbel, Richard J. Kozicki: Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945
  3. ↑ A revolt by the Germans of Cracow, headed by one Albert, and by Bishop Jan Muskata, who thought of returning to their earlier Bohemian allegiance, was suppressed after a year-long siege. In this struggle, the first signs of Polish chauvinism appear. The Czechs were denounced as foreigners, serving the 'German' Emperor, allies of the 'German' knights in Prussia, and of the 'German' Piasts of Silesia. The Archbishop of Gniezno, Jakub Swinka, brought Bishop Muskata, the 'enemy of the Polish people', before an ecclesiastical court. He excommunicated the princes of Glogau, who 'were turning Silesia into a new Saxony' and had resigned their claim to Pomerania in favor of the Teutonic Order. Investigations into the Cracovian revolt were assisted by a simple language test. Any suspect who could repeat and correctly pronounce soczewica, koło, miele, młyn was judged loyal; he who faltered was guilty. The knights who took to the field in Lokietek's cause, and were duly rewarded with grants of land, developed the first hesitant notions of a corporate 'Polish' estate. " P. 77 , Norman Davies : God's Playground , Oxford University Press, 2005, ISBN 0199253390 , 9780199253395
  4. ↑ "At Cracow there raged a creature of the Waclaws, Bishop January Muskata, breathing unparalleled and unconcealed hatred against the Poles and all that what Polish." P. 137 - Zygmunt Wojciechowski, Maria Kiełczewska-Zaleska: Poland's place in Europe , translated by Bernard Wilfrid Arbuthnot Massey, Instytut Zachodni, 1947
predecessor Office successor
Procopius Bishop of Cracow
1294-1320 		Nanker
personal data
SURNAME Muskata, Johann
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Muskata, Jan
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Roman Catholic Bishop of Krakow
DATE OF BIRTH around 1250
PLACE OF BIRTH Breslau , Duchy of Breslau
DATE OF DEATH February 7, 1320
Place of death Krakow , Kingdom of Poland