John Randolph, 3rd Earl of Moray

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John Randolph, 3rd Earl of Moray (* 1306 ; † October 17, 1346 ) was a Scottish nobleman during the reign of King David II and at times co-regent of the kingdom.

family

He was the second-born son of the famous Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray , companion in arms of Robert the Bruce and, after his death, the Guardian of Scotland . After the death of his older brother Thomas Randolph, 2nd Earl of Moray at the Battle of Dupplin Moor in 1332, John succeeded him to the title of house. His sister Agnes Randolph went popular as "Black Agnes of Dunbar". He was married to Euphemia de Ross , but the marriage remained childless.

Life

John Randolph took part in the Battle of Annan in December 1332 , during which Edward Balliol was temporarily driven out of Scotland. On July 19, 1333 he commanded together with Lord Andrew Fraser and his two brothers Simon and James the first division of the Scottish Army at the Battle of Halidon Hill . He escaped the devastating defeat of the Scots alive and initially retired to France.

The following year he returned to Scotland and together with the future King Robert Stewart took over the office of the Guardian of Scotland until 1335. In August 1335, John Randolph led an army against Flemish auxiliaries Edward III in the battle near Boroughmuir . and forced her to surrender. While he was escorting the captured Count Guy de Namur to the Scottish-English border, he himself fell into the captivity of William de Pressen , the English warden of Jedburgh Castle, in an ambush . He was first imprisoned in Nottingham Castle , later in the Tower of London and from July 25, 1340 in Windsor Castle . The following year he was exchanged for the Count of Salisbury William Montacute , who had been captured by the French, and returned to Scotland.

In February 1342 he accompanied David II on his invasion of England. At the Battle of Neville's Cross on October 17, 1346 he commanded the right wing of the Scottish Army together with William Douglas of Liddesdale . He fell during the first English attack.

After his death, the earliest dignity fell back to the crown and was re-created in 1359 for Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster , expired again when he died without children in 1361 and was re-created in 1372 for John Randolph's nephew John Dunbar .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Powicke & Fryde: Handbook of British Chronology. Second Edition, London, 1961, p. 484

literature

  • Peter Traquair: Freedom's Sword: Scotland's Wars of Independence. Roberts Rinehart Publishers, New York 1998, ISBN 1-57098-247-3 .
  • William Anderson: The Scottish Nation: or, The surnames, families, literature, honors, and biographical history of the people of Scotland. 3 volumes + supplement, A. Fullarton & Co., Edinburgh 1863.

Web links

predecessor Office successor
Thomas Randolph Earl of Moray
1332-1346 		Title expired
Archibald Douglas Guardian of Scotland
1334-1335
(with Robert the Stewart ) 		Andrew Murray
personal data
SURNAME Moray, John Randolph, 3rd Earl of
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Scottish nobleman
DATE OF BIRTH 1306
DATE OF DEATH October 17, 1346