Julius Thomsen
Hans Peter Jørgen Julius Thomsen (born February 16, 1826 in Copenhagen ; † February 13, 1909 there ) was a Danish chemist .
Life
Thomsen first worked as a lecturer in chemistry at the polytechnic school and lecturer in physics at the military college in his hometown. Then he was from 1866 to 1891 professor of chemistry at the University of Copenhagen , where he served twice as rector. From 1883 to 1902 he was also director of Polytekniske Læreanstalt , the predecessor of Denmark's Technical University .
In 1853 he first applied the teachings of mechanical heat theory to thermochemical processes and for this purpose he carried out numerous determinations of the heat tones in chemical reactions while improving methods. He also confirmed the law of mass action and created the first table of acidity of acids . In 1853 he founded the cryolite industry and was director of the cryolite mines and trading company in Copenhagen from 1865.
Works
- Thermochemical studies . Johann Ambrosius Barth, Leipzig 1882–1886 (4 volumes)
- Thermochemistry . 1908
Honors
Thomsen belonged to numerous academies and learned societies. In 1884 he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . From 1888 to 1909 he was President of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences . The University of Uppsala awarded him an honorary doctorate in 1877 . In 1883 he was awarded the Davy Medal and in 1896 the Grand Cross of the Dannebrog Order. The mineral thomsenolite was named after him.
literature
- Julius Thomsen . In: Carl Frederik Bricka (Ed.): Dansk biografisk Lexikon. Tillige omfattende Norge for Tidsrummet 1537-1814. 1st edition. tape 17 : Svend Tveskjæg – Tøxen . Gyldendalske Boghandels Forlag, Copenhagen 1903, p. 230 (Danish, runeberg.org ).
Web links
- Biographical information (English)
Individual evidence
- ^ List of rectors on the University of Copenhagen website
- ^ Members of the American Academy. Listed by election year, 1850-1899 . (PDF) accessed on September 24, 2015
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Thomsen, Julius |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Thomsen, Julius Hans Peter Jørgen (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Danish chemist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | February 16, 1826 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Copenhagen |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 13, 1909 |
| Place of death | Copenhagen |