Jurydyka

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Stamp of Juridika Grzybowo (now part of the town of Gniezno ) from the 16th century

The Polish term Jurydyka (plural: Jurydyki , in German: Juridika or Juridiki ) denotes a form of jurisdiction that was independent of state or municipal sovereignty, which was widespread in Poland in the 17th and 18th centuries . Such Jurydyki were founded by the Catholic Church or individual clergy , by magnates (which is why they were also called "magnate town") or other rich nobles on their own territories.

Jurydyka (formerly also called Jurysdyka or Jurysdykin) previously referred to a noble castle court chaired by a starost . Various forms can be found in old literature: the Magistratsjurydyka , the Burgvogtjurydyka , the Vojewodenjurydyka or the Episcopal Jurydyka .

Originally developed in rural areas as an instrument of the necessary, local sovereign administration, after the emergence and growth of the cities there was an increasing number of foundations of Jurydyki on the outskirts of these centers of trade and prosperity. In particular, the liberal trading system in these urban trading centers, which are not subject to the regulations and jurisdiction of the city, led to a strong growth in the population of the Jurydyki. In 1580, only 46% of the area enclosed by the city wall in Kraków was owned by the Kraków citizens; 18% of the area belonged to the jury of the nobility and 35% of the area to those of the clergy. In Lublin there were 24 juridicals before its dissolution and in Warsaw even 26 juridicals . If they were within the territory of a city, they were right enclaves .

On April 18, 1791, the Polish Sejm passed a law that defined civil rights and administratively reorganized cities. As a result of the reorganization, the abolition of all Jurydyki, their incorporation into cities and the creation of urban districts was possible. Only now could sustainable urban and development planning begin in many cities.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Marian Biskup, Klaus Zernack, Polskie Towarzystwo Historyczne, Association of German Historians: Stratification and Development of Society in Poland and Germany in the 16th and 17th Centuries: Parallels, Connections, Comparisons . Volume 74 of the quarterly journal for social and economic history , supplements, ISBN 3-515-03805-1 , Steiner, 1983, p. 182
  2. ↑ Rafał Jabłoński: Warszawa w kawałkach bei Zycie Warszawy of October 29, 2009 (Polish)