Kalama tricornis
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| ( Closet , 1801) |
Kalama tricornis is a bug from the family of net bugs (Tingidae).
features
The bugs are 2.8 to 3.5 millimeters long. Kalama tricornis , like the species of the genus Dictyonota, has two rows of cells in the network on the lateral edge of the hemielytres and antennae of uniform thickness , the third segment being the same or thicker than the fourth. In Kalama tricornis , the antennae are completely black and have long hairs. The head is missing long appendages near the eyes. The adults are always fully winged (macropter).
distribution and habitat
The species is the only one of its kind that is distributed Holarctic and from North Africa across Europe, the Middle East, China, Eastern Siberia and North America. It is widespread and not uncommon in Central Europe and can also be common locally. In the Alps it only rises occasionally over 1500 meters above sea level. It is widespread in the UK but only occurs locally. Warm, dry to moderately moist, open habitats are settled, preferably with sandy soils, but also with clay or stones.
Way of life
The animals live in the litter between moss and lichen. The adults rarely climb plants at high temperatures. The nymphs of the species presumably live mainly in the ground, since in contrast to the adults, if at all, only older nymphs can be caught with soil traps . The species has been suggested to be related to ants, but details are unknown. It is largely unknown which food plants are used by the species. Many different species are mentioned in the literature and they are said to live mainly on the hawkweed ( Hieracium pilosella ), but so far neither egg-laying nor sucking nymphs have been observed on these plants. Investigations with soil traps did not reveal any particular importance as a food crop. How the development works has not yet been researched. In warm sand habitats in the Rhine-Main area, two generations could probably develop per year, with one mating in June and one in September. Finds of older nymphs in May and August correlate with this. There are also two activity maxima in northern Germany, in July and October, which suggests that the adults hibernate.
supporting documents
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Wachmann: Wanzen , vol. 1, p. 136f
- ↑ a b Kalama tricornis. British Bugs, accessed June 22, 2014 .
literature
- Ekkehard Wachmann , Albert Melber, Jürgen Deckert: Bugs. Volume 1: Cimicomorpha: Dipsocoromorpha, Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha, Leptopodomorpha, Cimicomorpha (part 1) (= The animal world of Germany and the adjacent sea parts according to their characteristics and according to their way of life . 77th part). Goecke & Evers, Keltern 2006, ISBN 3-931374-49-1 .
Web links
- Kalama tricornis at Fauna Europaea. Retrieved June 22, 2014