Carotid triangle
The carotid triangle or trigonum caroticum is a sub-region of the anterior cervical region ( Regio cervicalis anterior ). The anatomical boundaries of this triangle are the sternocleidomastoid muscle , the omohyoideus muscle and the rear abdomen of the digastricus muscle . With the neck extended, the carotid triangle is visible under the lower jaw .
Contents of the region are the internal carotid artery and external and communis , the internal jugular vein , the nerves hypoglossal , vagus and accessory , the ansa cervicalis , the carotid body and the sympathetic trunk with its ganglia (z. B. superior cervical ganglion ).
clinic
In the carotid trigonum, the pulse of the common carotid artery can be felt with the neck slightly stretched. Pressure on the carotid triangle stimulates pressure receptors in the carotid sinus , which transmit information to the circulatory center in the medulla oblongata . By activating the parasympathetic nervous system, the carotid sinus reflex triggered in this way slows down the heart's activity and lowers blood pressure. A blow on the carotid triangle can therefore lead to fainting. In the area of the carotid trigonum, the common carotid artery can be pressed against the sixth cervical vertebra and thereby compressed. If the occlusion is longer, the resulting arterial deficiency in the brain can lead to severe damage.
literature
- G. Aumüller et al. (Ed.): Dual series anatomy. Thieme, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-13-136042-7 , p. 819.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Overview of the head and neck region - knowledge for physicians. Retrieved May 20, 2019 .