Kashif al-Ghita

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Sheikh Ǧaʿfar Kāšif al-Ġiṭāʾ ( Persian جعفر کاشف‌الغطا; Arabic جعفر كاشف الغطاء; * around 1751; † 1812 or 1813) was an Imamite lawyer and theologian from the Shiite holy city of Najaf in southern Iraq .

Kashif al-Ghita was the founder of a family of Shiite ulama and mujtahidun . His sons were Sheikh Musa ibn Jafar (1766-1827), Sheikh Ali ibn Jafar (d. 1837) and Sheikh Hasan ibn Jafar (1776-1848).

He was one of the most famous students Wahid Bihbihanis (1706-1792) in Karbala , of which he is a teaching license ( ijazah received), and students from Bahr ul-Ulum (1743-1798) in Najaf .

Kashif al-Ghita led the resistance in Najaf during the 1805 Wahhabi siege and was involved in a bloody conflict between two factions of his hometown residents, resulting in a feud that lasted over a century.

He is the author of numerous works.

Kashf al-Ghita

His most famous work is his fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) text book Kashf al-Ghita ("Pulling away the shell") to refute Achbarism , after which the author himself is entitled.

The written about 1809 work he carried out by Heinz Halm, that in case of absence of the Imam , the mujtahids - more precisely, the best (Afdal) of them - would have the right, for Jihad declare.

He authorizes Fath Ali Shah to lead the jihad "against the Russians and to use the Imam's share of the booty for the benefit of the Muslims":

“Since I am a Muǧtahid and one of those who can claim to be the agent of the Lord of Time (ie the Imam), I allow the Sultan… Fatḥ ʿAlī Šāh, to take whatever equipment of soldiers and Armies is necessary, and to use it to drive out the infidels, rebels and apostates. "

literature

  • Madelung, W. "Kās̲h̲if al-G̲h̲iṭāʾ." Encyclopaedia of Islam , Second Edition
  • Momen, Moojan, An Introduction to Shi'i Islam , Yale University Press, 1985
  • Behrooz Moazami: State, Religion, and Revolution in Iran, 1796 to the Present . 2013 ( 1743 1812 & f = false online excerpt )
  • Meir Litvak: Shi'i Scholars of Nineteenth-Century Iraq: The 'Ulama' of Najaf and Karbala '. (Cambridge Middle East Studies, Volume 10)
  • Cole, Juan Ricardo: Sacred space and holy war: the politics, culture and history of Shi'ite Islam , IB Tauris, 2002, ISBN 1-86064-736-7
  • Heinz Halm : The Schia . 1988
  • Zackery M. Heem: Usuli Shi'ism: The emergence of an Islamic Reform Movement in Early Modern Iraq and Iran . Dissertation (The University of Utah) August 2011 ( online ) * Chibli Mallat: The Renewal of Islamic Law: Muhammad Baqer As-Sadr, Najaf and the Shi'i International (Cambridge Middle East Library 29). Cambridge University Press 2008 ( online excerpt )
  • Orkhan Mir-Kasimov: Unity in Diversity: Mysticism, Messianism and the Construction of Religious Authority in Islam (Islamic History and Civilization) 2013 ( online excerpt )
  • Ann KS Lambton: 'A Nineteenth Century View of Jihad', Studia Islamica, No. XXXII, 1970, pp. 181-192
  • Robert Gleave (Ed.): Religion and Society in Qajar Iran . 2004 ( online excerpt )

Web links

References and footnotes

  1. ↑ Life data according to answers.com: Gale Encyclopedia of the Mideast & N. Africa: Kashif al-Ghita family - accessed on May 4, 2014 (cf. Momen, p. 310: Biographies of Prominent Ulama)
  2. ↑ On Wahid Behbahani, cf. german.irib.ir: The Islamic Culture and Civilization in the Course of History (Part 89) ( Broadcast manuscript of the Broadcasting of the Islamic Republic of Iran from April 27, 2014):

    “Personalities such as Molla Mahdi and Molla Ahmad Narāqī (born 1771), Scheych Jafar Kaschif Al Ghata '(died around 1813), Agha Sayyid Ali Tabatabai (born 1866), Mohammad Ibrahim Kalbasi, Sayyid Mohammad Mahdi came from his theological teaching group Bahr ul Ulum (circa 1742 to circa 1798) and Mirza Qumi (circa 1738 to circa 1816). "

  3. ↑ EJ Van Donzel: Islamic Desk Reference . 1994 ( online excerpt , p. 198)
  4. ^ Cole, Juan Ricardo: Sacred space and holy war: the politics, culture and history of Shi'ite Islam , IB Tauris, 2002, ISBN 1-86064-736-7
  5. ↑ Momen, Moojan, An Introduction to Shi'i Islam , Yale University Press, 1985, p. 315: “Uncoverer of Error”; Halm, p. 138: "who pulls the cover away"
  6. ↑ Heinz Halm: The Schia . 1988, p. 138 (mostly verbatim)
  7. ↑ Heinz Halm: The Schia . 1988, p. 138
  8. ↑ Heinz Halm: The Schia . 1988, p. 138 (after AKS Lambton: 'A Nineteenth Century View of Jihad', Studia Islamica, No. XXXII, 1970, pp. 181-192), p. 189); see also the English version .
Kaschif al-Ghita (alternative names of the lemma)
Kās̲h̲if al-G̲h̲iṭāʾ; Āl Kāšif al-Ġiṭāʾ; Kashif al-Ghita; Kashif al-Ghita; Kašef ol-Ġetā; Shaykh Ja'far b. Khidr al-Najafi; Kashif al-Ghita '; Shaikh Jafar Kashif al-Ghita; Jafar ibn Qizr ibn Yahya Janahi Hilli Najafi; Kashifu'l-ghita; Shaykh Ja`far b. Khidr al-Najafi; Shaikh Ja'far Kashiful Ghita; Sheikh Jafar Kashif al-Ghita; Jaʿfar ibn Khidr al-Najafi; Kāšif al-Ġiṭāʾ; Shaikh Ja'far Kashiful Ghita; Ayatullah Syeikh Jafar Kashif al-Ghita; Sheikh Jafar Kaschif Al Ghata '; Al-Shaykh Ja'far ibn al-Shaykh Khidr al-Janahi al-Najafi; Sheikh Jafar al-Ghita Kashif al-Ghita; Shaykh Ja'far Najafi
personal data
SURNAME Kashif al-Ghita
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ǧaʿfar Kāšif al-Ġiṭāʾ; جعفر کاشف‌الغطا (Persian); جعفر كاشف الغطاء (Arabic)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Shiite lawyer and theologian
DATE OF BIRTH around 1751
DATE OF DEATH 1812 or 1813