Nuclear energy in Spain

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development

The economic use of nuclear energy in Spain began at the time of Francisco Franco's dictatorship . The first nuclear power plant to go into operation was the José Cabrera pressurized water reactor in 1968 , a system with a low output of only 150 megawatts of electricity and a single steam generator on a single circulation loop. This was followed in 1971 by the Garona boiling water reactor with 440 megawatts of electricity, before a plant with a different technology, a UNGG reactor of 500 MW, was connected to the grid in 1972 with the Vandellos 1 nuclear power plant . A more serious incident occurred at this plant in 1989, which resulted in its being shut down.

After a transition phase of almost 10 years, another new system went into operation in 1981 with the pressurized water reactor at the Almaraz 1 nuclear power plant . This was followed by the commissioning of the Asco 1 nuclear power plant (pressurized water reactor) in Catalonia in 1983 , Almaraz 2 (also PWR ) in the same year , the Cofrentes boiling water reactor in 1984 , Asco 2 (PWR) in 1985 , the Catalan Vandellos 2 (PWR) in 1987 and 1988 the German KWU- DWR Trillo . All these systems have an increased electrical output of 1,000 MW compared to the previous phase.

With the Lemóniz nuclear power plant in the Basque Country , Spain also had an incomplete NPP project due to the ETA terrorist threat at the time. The organization had carried out several attacks on the construction site during the construction period.

Today the signs in Spain are tending to phase out nuclear energy: Cabrera and Garona have been closed for economic reasons; New construction projects are not planned after a moratorium in 1983. This trend has intensified after the fire accident at Vandellos 1 and the nuclear accident at Fukushima. However, the existing plants should continue to run as long as they are safe and economical. Spain closed its uranium mines in 2000 and started dismantling.

List of nuclear power plants in Spain

List of nuclear power plants in Spain (source: IAEA, as of December 2019)

Surname	block	Reactor type	model	status	Net power in MW	Gross power in MW	start of building	First network synchronization	Commercial operation (planned)	Switching off processing (planned)	Feed- in in TWh
Almaraz	1	PWR	WH 3LP	In operation	1011	1049	07/03/1973	05/01/1981	09/01/1983	-	255.94
	2	PWR	WH 3LP	In operation	1006	1044	07/03/1973	10/08/1983	07/01/1984	-	252.95
Ascó	1	PWR	WH 3LP	In operation	995	1033	05/16/1974	08/13/1983	12/10/1984	-	246.39
	2	PWR	WH 3LP	In operation	997	1035	07.03.1975	October 23, 1985	March 31, 1986	-	240.90
Cofrentes	1	BWR	BWR-6 (Mark 3)	In operation	1064	1102	09.09.1975	10/14/1984	03/11/1985	-	261.68
José Cabrera	1	PWR	WH 1LP	Shut down	141	150	06/24/1964	07/14/1968	08/13/1969	04/30/2006	34.63
Santa María de Garoña	1	BWR	BWR-3	Shut down	446	466	09/01/1966	03/02/1971	05/11/1971	07/06/2013	126.98
Trillo	1	PWR	PWR 3 loops	In operation	1003	1066	08/17/1979	May 23, 1988	08/06/1988	-	231.53
Vandellòs	1	GCR	-	Shut down	480	500	06/21/1968	05/06/1972	08/02/1972	07/31/1990	53.63
	2	PWR	WH 3LP	In operation	1045	1087	December 29, 1980	12/12/1987	03/08/1988	-	223.74

1. ↑ The reactor was temporarily shut down on July 6, 2013 ( long-term shutdown ); on August 2, 2017, it was finally switched off ( permanent shutdown ) without being put into operation again in between.

Nuclear waste storage

With El Cabril, Spain already has a repository for low and medium level radioactive waste in operation. A location for deep geological disposal is currently being sought for the highly active waste.

See also

• List of nuclear facilities in Spain

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• Nuclear Forum (Switzerland): Nuclear power plants of the world , various issues

Individual evidence

1. ^ Nuclear power in Spain. Retrieved December 5, 2019 . 
2. ↑ Spain. IAEA , accessed December 10, 2019 .