Belene nuclear power plant
| Belene nuclear power plant | ||
|---|---|---|
| location | ||
|
||
| Coordinates | 43 ° 37 '48 " N , 25 ° 11' 24" E | |
| Country: | Bulgaria | |
| Data | ||
| Owner: | Bulgarian National Electricity Company (bulg. Национална Електрическа Компания - НЕК) | |
| Operator: | Kozloduy NPP Plc | |
| Project start: | 1984 | |
| Commercial operation: | ||
| Shutdown: | 2012 | |
|
Construction discontinued (gross): |
2 (2000 MW) | |
| Was standing: | March 29, 2012 | |
| The data source of the respective entries can be found in the documentation . | ||
The Belene nuclear power plant ( Bulgarian АЕЦ Белене ) was a planned but never completed nuclear power plant in northern Bulgaria . The site is 3 km from Belene and 11 km from the town of Swishtov in the Pleven Oblast on the Danube .
history
The construction of two reactor blocks of the type VVER -1000/320 was carried out in 1987 Between 1988 and 1990 about 40% of the reactor block 1 have been completed and supplied 80% of the equipment. Originally the construction of four to six 1000 MW units was planned, but the construction work was stopped in 1990 despite positive comments from the IAEA on the construction due to lack of money and after public protests.
In 2003, five nuclear power plant builders announced their interest in completing the project and building new units. In July 2005, the government at the time gave its approval to the construction with a capacity of 2,000 MW. E&C Europe was commissioned as the new main contractual partner with the new planning and design of the project. It was decided to build two VVER reactors , but not in the previously planned, outdated variant VVER-1000/320, but as VVER-1000/466 in the AES-92 design.
After the presidential election on October 22, 2006, Atomstroiexport (ASE) was selected for construction. The state-owned Russian company was supposed to complete the Belene nuclear power plant and build the two VVER-1000/466 as AES-92. As a company also involved in this consortium, Areva was to supply the safety I&C , including the reactor protection and reactor limitation, as well as the neutron flux measurement and control rod control. This should be realized with the digital control technology platform Teleperm XS. The consortium partner Siemens was to deliver the control technology in the non-nuclear area. The contract was signed in January 2008 and the cost estimate was $ 3.9 billion. In the course of the following years twelve international banks, including Deutsche Bank , Commerzbank and HypoVereinsbank , refrained from financing the project after international protests by environmental groups.
The plants were to be constructed similarly to the Tianwan nuclear power plant in the People's Republic of China . The start of commercial operations was planned between 2013 and 2014. Areva was then to manage the training of the personnel and the initial loading of the reactor. According to the IAEA, the projected operating costs of the system were 3.7 cents / kWh. Škoda had proposed to build the reactors on the basis of the 320 version, but with advanced technology, as in Temelín in the Czech Republic. However, the cost would have risen to over $ 5 billion. Some parts of this reactor have already been delivered to Belene. However, the parts became unusable after the rescheduling to an AES-92, which is why ASE bought these components. The offer of the consortium led by Škoda was rejected.
The Bulgarian state power company Natsionalna Elektricheska Kompania (NEK) stated that the AES-92 blocks would have a very high western standard and would be compatible with the EU directives that became effective when they joined in 2007. Suez's Electrabel , Enel , RWE , E.ON and ČEZ , among others, applied for a tender in 2007 for the financing and operation of the plant . In October 2008, RWE was awarded the contract and should therefore become the future part owner. Environmental organizations protested on the grounds that the site was in an earthquake area. In 1977 the last major earthquake with catastrophic consequences occurred in neighboring Romania. The Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (Hanover) continues to expect strong earthquakes of 7.5 to 8.5 on the Richter scale in the region.
In October 2009, after further protests by environmental groups and internal disputes between the Board of Management and the Supervisory Board, RWE announced that it was withdrawing from the project. RWE's withdrawal was justified with the unsecured financing of the project, since total costs of 10 billion euros were now assumed instead of the originally estimated 4 billion euros. After RWE withdrew, Bulgaria announced that construction work on the project would be discontinued for the next one and a half years in order to have time to look for new investors.
In August 2010 the Bulgarian Minister of Economic Affairs announced that the estimated cost of the power plant had risen to 9 billion euros; In doing so, he confirmed the order of magnitude previously mentioned by RWE. In the spring of 2010, the Russian government offered a loan of two billion US dollars to continue the construction work; the Bulgarian government did not want to continue the project until a western investor was found.
On March 28, 2012, the Bulgarian Vice Minister of Finance finally announced that the country would withdraw from the construction contracts with Russia and instead build a gas-fired power plant at the same location. The exit from the project was criticized by the opposition, in particular by the BSP . They initiated a referendum on the extension, which was carried out on January 27, 2013. With a turnout of just over 20%, the required quorum of 60% was clearly missed. Almost 60% of those who voted (around 12 percent of those eligible to vote) voted for the building to continue.
In June 2016, an international arbitration court sentenced Bulgaria to pay € 550 million in damages to nuclear power export. Every day, 167,000 euros interest is due. The Bulgarian government ( Borissow II ) tried unsuccessfully to sell parts of the power plants.
Data of the reactor blocks
Two blocks were planned for the nuclear power plant :
| Reactor block | Reactor type | net power |
gross power |
start of building | Cessation of construction | Network synchronization |
Commercialization of essential operation |
switching off processing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belene 1 | WWER-1000/466 | 953 MW | 1000 MW | 01/01/1987 | 03/28/2012 | - | - | - |
| Belene 2 | WWER-1000/466 | 953 MW | 1000 MW | March 31, 1987 | 03/28/2012 | - | - | - |
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e World Nuclear Association - Nuclear Power in Bulgaria (English)
- ↑ a b - Greenpeace to Belene ( Memento of the original from December 7, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ RWE wants to invest 1.5 billion in earthquake nuclear power plants ( memento of the original from August 17, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
- ↑ - RWE gets out (taz of October 28, 2009)
- ↑ Off for Belene (SZ of October 29, 2009) ( Memento of the original of November 3, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ - Press release urgewald.de of October 28, 2009 ( Memento of the original of July 3, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Russia insists on building nuclear power plants in Belene . Der Standard, October 29, 2009
- ^ Bulgarian Economy Minister: Nuclear Plant Cost Up to EUR 9 B. www.novinite.com, August 26, 2010
- ↑ Bulgaria is not completing the nuclear power plant in Belene after all. AFP report on www.stern.de, March 28, 2012 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ “Requiem for Belene.” On: www.taz.de, January 28, 2013
- ↑ FAZ.net August 12, 2016: Bulgaria is looking for investors for a half-finished nuclear power plant
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : "Bulgaria, Republic of: Nuclear Power Reactors" (English)
