Dump truck (profession)

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Tipper Bude with tool and basalt chunks in the museum Wilsenroth .

Kipper was the name given to a worker in a quarry who knocks boulders into small stones that were mainly used as paving stones in road construction . The rock blocks are handed over to the tipper by the pusher , which extracts the raw material and preprocesses it into rough blocks.

The job description in Central Europe goes back to the 12th century and has been characterized by hard and dangerous physical work outdoors for centuries. In most cases, dump trucks were paid for by the number of pieces or the weight of the stones produced. The first collective agreements for stoneworkers did not exist until the 1890s, and in the 20th century the dump trucks were often exempted from work in winter without wages, for example in the Austrian Waldviertel until the 1930s.

Only with the development and introduction of mechanical and electrical devices such as splitting machines and hammers did the working conditions improve, although the dump trucks continued to work on the edge of the quarries and were exposed to the weather.

Another common designation of the profession is "paving stone maker" or "paving stone hammer", but today it is no longer a craftsman, but an industrial worker. With the advent of mechanical crushers and the move away from natural stone in favor of new building materials, the tipper trade disappeared in industrialized countries, while paving stones are still cut by hand in developing countries.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Robert René Kuczynski: Wages and Working Hours in Europe and America 1870-1909. Published by Julius Springer, Berlin 1913, pp. 545–554.
  2. ↑ Richard Calwer: The professional dangers of the stone workers. On behalf of the 10th congress of stone workers in Germany as a memorandum to the Federal Council. P. Mitschke publishing house, Rixdorf 1901.
  3. ^ A b Alfred Maier: Hard work and politically turbulent years in the granite town of Schrems. Diploma thesis, University of Vienna 2008 ( Online , PDF, 10.7 MB), accessed on August 16, 2013.
  4. ^ Otto Kleinschmidt: Industries, service companies and trade unions in the Oberwesterwald. Third, corrected and supplemented edition. Eigenverlag, o. O. (Koblenz) 2004 ( Online , PDF, 1.1 MB), accessed on August 16, 2013.
  5. ↑ Federal Employment Agency (Ed.): Key directory for the information on the activity in the reports on social insurance. Federal Employment Agency, o. O. (Nuremberg) o. J. (2007) ( Online in Internet Archive , PDF, 5.6 MB), accessed on August 16, 2013.
  6. ↑ without author: Quarries - workplaces with history. Basalt AG, o. O. (Linz) o. J. (approx. 2006) ( Online , PDF, 3.9 MB), accessed on August 16, 2013.