Kopalnia Węgla Kamiennego Wałbrzych

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Bolesław Chrobry shafts east and west

The hard coal mine Wałbrzych (Polish: Kopalnia Węgla Kamiennego Wałbrzych ) is a decommissioned hard coal mine in Wałbrzych (German: Waldenburg), Poland.

history

The mine has two roots, which developed independently over a long period of time and were only merged into the Wałbrzych mine in 1964 . These are the Fürstenstein mines and the von Kulmiz mine in Melchior . 

Consol. Fürstensteiner Pits / Bolesław Chrobry

The consolidated Fürstenstein mines were created on July 20, 1876 from twelve hard coal mines, of which the oldest, Graf Hochberg ( Lage ), had already been in operation 100 years earlier. They were the property of the Princes of Pless, who also owned Fürstenstein Castle (Polish: Zamek Książ), had a total of 5.47 km² and were opened up in 1912 by three facilities:

  1. The Hans-Heinrich-Schachtanlage (in some sources called Fürstensteiner Tiefbau or "Marie" mine) ( location ) had a railway connection to the northeast to the Breslau-Schweidnitz-Freiburg railway from the beginning (1864) . It mined 6 seams with a total thickness of 14 m and was opened in 1912 by four levels, of which the II. In 261 m and the III. The bottom was at a depth of 429 m. The "Hans-Heinrich-Schacht" (431 m depth) conveyed from the 2nd level, served the dewatering and was an extending weather shaft. Shaft "Marie" (319 m) extracted from the II. And the midsole and was a retracting weather shaft. The "Schweinitz" shaft also existed as an extending weather shaft. In addition to separation and washing, the plant also had a briquette factory. Since this part of the Fürstenstein mine property was located under the town of Waldenburg / Wałbrzych and the mining resulted in considerable damage to the mine, hard coal mining under the town was abandoned in the 1930s. Rather, the pit is used to dissolve water for the "railway shaft system" to the south. In 1951 the production at this facility of the mine was stopped. The building was torn down above ground and the site was handed over to the city.
  2. Railway shaft system : The system ( layer ) built in 1882 with two production shafts ("Railway shafts I and II") and the extending weather and material shaft "Mathilde" (named after Mathilde Ursula von Dohna-Schlobitten ) built six seams in 1912 with a thickness of 14 m from. The field was developed through the middle level (235 m), the 2nd level (299 m), the +100 m level (365 m) and the +30 m level (435 m). The mine also had a coking plant, which in 1912 had 90 Hoffmann and 70 Coppers ovens and initially extracted tar, ammonia salt and light oil as by-products. The range on the white side was later expanded to include nitrogen, sulfuric and nitric acid and benzene.
  3. Mine Ida and Hermann : Although "Ida" ( location ) and "Hermann" ( location ) were separately working extraction shafts in the east of the urban area of ​​Waldenburg, they were managed as an organizational unit in 1912. 8 seams with a thickness of 11 m were extracted through the "Hermann" shaft with a depth of 162 m. Transporting the coal from there was difficult because the shaft did not have a rail connection. It had the peculiarity of having a mechanical lifting device as early as 1794, which transported the coal to the surface with hemp ropes. The mine was probably shut down in the 1930s. Parts are said to have been used as an air raid shelter during the Second World War. On "Ida I / II" the problem of the missing railway connection was solved by the fact that this double shaft system (Ida I 312 m in 1912) with "Marie" on the second level was penetrable and the coal was transported underground for processing there. "Marie" also fed fresh weather to this pit field. After the end of the war, the "Ida I / II" shafts were named "Zofia I / II" and in 1945 "Zofia I" was the deepest shaft in Lower Silesia. The facility was demolished in the 1960s.

After the World War II, the Fürstenstein mines were given the name Bolesław Chrobry . However, since by 1960 at the latest with the exception of the "railway shafts" all other systems had been shut down and partly also demolished, this name only existed for the "railway shaft system", the shafts of which were now called "Bolesław Chrobry I and II". After the end of the war, numerous material assets were transported to the Soviet Union as reparations.

Mieszko Shaft Staszic

In 1952 at the latest, a second headframe in a steel box construction was erected above the western shaft to enable double conveyance. The old and new scaffolding, however, were arranged at an angle to each other and connected to one another, presumably in order to continue to guarantee the extraction via the east shaft. As a result, an ensemble of three shaft frames was created, which has shaped the landscape to this day.        

Melchior / from Kulmiz / Mieszko

On October 24, 1840, the Melchior mine ( Lage ) in the Dittersbach / Podgorze district of Waldenburg was muted and put into operation four years later. In 1872 it came into the possession of the von Kulmiz family and was enlarged on January 5, 1860 by the "President" coal field. When in 1909 under the management of this family (from 1896 C. Kulmiz GmbH) the "Neue consol. Ernestine" colliery was added, the mine was renamed von Kulmiz . In 1912, the four seams "Bismarck" (three m thick), "Karl", "Paul" and "Moltke" with a total thickness of 10 m were exposed in civil engineering. At that time, the mine only had two shafts. The shaft, which was sunk in 1866 and initially called "Tiefbau" and later called "Staszic", had a Malakow tower with a wall thickness of 1.3 m and a height of 40 m. In 1912 it was 420 m deep. A weather shaft a little further to the east (292 m depth) also carried a Malakow tower ( location ), which was, however, much smaller. In addition, the "Eugen" shaft ( Lage ) near the Dittersbach train station was sunk in 1889 to the southwest of the underground construction shaft. It initially served as an extending weather shaft as well as the material transport and the cable car for the southern field "Ernestine". 

In 1928 the mine was brought into the "Lower Silesian Mining AG Waldenburg" (NIBAG) together with the other mines owned by C. Kulmiz GmbH, but in contrast to the mines Segen Gottes and consol. Caesar not associated with happiness help peace hope. Around 1933 the "underground construction shaft" was sunk 710 m deeper and given a round cross-section with a diameter of six m. At the same time, a steel frame for double funding was drawn into the Malakow Tower. 

At the beginning of the 20th century, the "Eugen" shaft was next to the "underground construction shaft" of the Melchior mine, but has only been a weather shaft since the 1930s.  

Powietrzny weather shaft - Malakow tower without steel frame

Like Bolesław Chrobry , Melchior / Mieszko had numerous ancillary facilities. In 1912, in addition to a coal washing plant and a briquette factory, the mine also had four coke batteries with 30 ovens each and produced 101,700 t of coke in the year mentioned. The extraction of by-products such as benzene and refined tar was carried out by Silesia AG, the association of chemical factories in Laasan near Saarau. For a long time it had many buildings from the 19th century that were worth preserving, but all of them were destroyed in the 1960s and 70s. After it turned out around 1980 that expanding and modernizing the coking plant was unprofitable, the plant was shut down in 1989. 

The location of the shafts can be clearly seen on the map of Dittersbach .

Wałbrzych

In 1960 the breakthrough between Bolesław Chrobry and Mieszko took place on the +100 m level, thus creating the conditions for the two mines to be merged. This took place on April 1, 1964. In this context, the administrations of both mines were merged and the mining of Mieszko was stopped. The coal now came to light exclusively on Bolesław Chrobry . However, in order to achieve effective ventilation of the former part of the Kulmiz field, the "Staszic" shaft was converted. The old Malakow Tower was given a concrete tower that housed a suction device for ventilating the mine. The brick tower had previously been reinforced on the inside with a reinforced concrete frame. The "Eugen" shaft was also used to ventilate three levels: the 412 m level (+ 94 m), the 507 m level (−1.0 m.) And the 607 m level (−101.0 m). The depth was 711 m, the shaft diameter 6 m. The mine 's weather shafts were still "Mathylda" and the "Powietrzny" shaft with the Malakow tower at Świdnicka Street.

The last production at the mine took place in 1994. 

present

After the closure of the Wałbrzych mine , "Staszic" was backfilled in 1992/93. The "Eugen / Eugeniusz" shaft was still open in 1993 and was only given up eight years later. In 2001 all of Mieszko's daytime facilities were demolished . With the exception of the headframes above the "Bolesław Chrobry I / II", "Staszic" and "Powietrzny" shafts, nothing has survived, with the exception of individual colliery buildings in the old mines, which are often used by small businesses. With the exception of the Malakow Tower, both the Mieszko site and that of the "Hans-Heinrich Schachtanlage" were completely cleared. A few years ago the city of Wałbrzych built the Victoria shopping center on the latter. 

Funding figures

Fürstensteiner Gruben / Bolesław Chrobry 1912: 1.20 million t; 1937: 1.37 million t; 1963: 655,109 tons

Melchior / von Kulmiz / Mieszko 1858: 5,000 t; 1912: 388,999 t; 1937: 483,450 t; 1963: 423,553 tons

Bolesław Chrobry / Wałbrzych 1970: 1.21 million t; 1979: 1.27 million t 

Remarks

  1. ↑ see http://dolny-slask.org.pl/544121,Walbrzych,Kopalnia_Maria_nieistniejaca.html (accessed on March 9, 2017)
  2. ↑ Kosmaty p. 321
  3. ↑ a b Yearbook Oberbergamt p. 430
  4. ↑ see http://dolny-slask.org.pl/544038,Walbrzych,Szyb_Hermann.html (accessed on March 9, 2017)
  5. ↑ see http://dolny-slask.org.pl/767194,foto.html?idEntity=513897 (accessed on March 9, 2017)
  6. ↑ Kosmaty p. 319
  7. ↑ Yearbook Oberbergamt p. 392
  8. ↑ Yearbook Oberbergamt p. 392
  9. ↑ technical drawing for this on the website http://dolny-slask.org.pl/731686,foto.html?idEntity=543864 (accessed on March 13, 2017)
  10. ↑ Yearbook Oberbergamt p. 393
  11. ↑ Kosmaty p. 321
  12. ↑ see http://dolny-slask.org.pl/543854,Walbrzych,Szyb_Eugeniusz.html (accessed on March 11, 2017)
  13. ^ A photo of "Eugeniusz from the years 1993/94 can be found at http://dolny-slask.org.pl/941618,foto.html?idEntity=543854 / (accessed on March 11, 2017)

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