Kozak sequence

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The frequency distribution of the nucleobases in the vicinity of the start codon AUG (+1 to +3), represented by the size of the base code , leads to the Kozak sequence

The Kozak sequence , also English. Kozak consensus sequence, named after the American biochemist Marilyn Kozak , is a nucleobase sequence in the messenger RNA (mRNA) of eukaryotic organisms. It represents a consensus of the most frequently occurring nucleobases in the immediate vicinity of the start codon AUG on the mRNA. The base sequence (gcc) gccRccATGG is often called the Kozak sequence, although there are clear differences between different groups of eukaryotes. The Kozak sequence or a similar nucleic base sequence is recognized by the ribosomes and is important for the start of translation in the context of protein biosynthesis . Deviations in the nucleobase sequence can have an impact on protein biosynthesis.

In prokaryotes, the Shine-Dalgarno sequence takes over the function of the Kozak sequence.

Variations

Various variations of the Kozak sequence dominate among the eukaryotic creatures.

Biota Phylum Consensus sequences
Vertebrates
gccRccATGG
Fruit fly ( Drosophila melanogaster ) Arthropoda   cAAaATG
Baker's yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) Ascomycota aAaAaAATGTCt
Dictyostelium discoideum Amoebozoa aaaAAAATGRna
Eyelash animals Ciliophora nTaAAAATGRct
Plasmodium ssp. Apicomplexa taaAAAATGAan
Toxoplasma gondii Apicomplexa gncAaaATGg
Trypanosomatidae Euglenozoa nnnAnnATGnC
Land plants
  AACAATGGC

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Kozak M: An analysis of 5'-noncoding sequences from 699 vertebrate messenger RNAs . In: Nucleic Acids Res . . 15, No. 20, October 1987, pp. 8125-8148. doi : 10.1093 / nar / 15.20.8125 . PMID 3313277 . PMC 306349 (free full text).
  2. ↑ Kozak M: Point mutations close to the AUG initiator codon affect the efficiency of translation of rat preproinsulin in vivo . In: Nature . 308, 1984, pp. 241-246. doi : 10.1038 / 308241a0 . PMID 6700727 .
  3. ↑ Cavener DR: Comparison of the consensus sequence flanking translational start sites in Drosophila and vertebrates . In: Nucleic Acids Res . 15, No. 4, February 1987, pp. 1353-61. doi : 10.1093 / nar / 15.4.1353 . PMID 3822832 . PMC 340553 (free full text).
  4. ↑ Hamilton R, Watanabe CK, de Boer HA: Compilation and comparison of the sequence context around the AUG startcodons in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mRNAs . In: Nucleic Acids Res . 15, No. 8, April 1987, pp. 3581-93. doi : 10.1093 / nar / 15.8.3581 . PMID 3554144 . PMC 340751 (free full text).
  5. ↑ a b c d Yamauchi K: The sequence flanking translational initiation site in protozoa . In: Nucleic Acids Res . 19, No. 10, May 1991, pp. 2715-20. doi : 10.1093 / nar / 19.10.2715 . PMID 2041747 . PMC 328191 (free full text).
  6. ↑ Seeber, F .: Consensus sequence of translational initiation sites from Toxoplasma gondii genes . In: Parasitology Research . 83, No. 3, 1997, pp. 309-311. doi : 10.1007 / s004360050254 . PMID 9089733 .
  7. ↑ Lütcke HA, Chow KC, Mickel FS, Moss KA, Kern HF, Scheele GA: Selection of AUG initiation codons differs in plants and animals . In: Embo J . 6, No. 1, January 1987, pp. 43-8. PMID 3556162 . PMC 553354 (free full text).