Krajowa Rada Sądownictwa

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PolandPoland Krajowa Rada Sądownictwa
- KRS -
Ulica Rakowiecka 30.jpg
Position of the authority Constitutional body
Consist since December 20, 1989
Headquarters ul.Rakowiecka 30, Warsaw
Employee 59 (2016)
Website www.krs.pl

Krajowa Rada Sądownictwa ( German  National Councilor for the Judiciary , in short: KRS) is a central constitutional body in Poland that watches over the independence of the judiciary. It consists mostly of judges and has existed since 1989. Such councils for the judiciary can also be found in other European countries.

Constitutional position

The current Polish constitution of 1997 mentions the Council in the eighth chapter “Courts and Courts of Justice”, although according to some lawyers no categorical classification of one of the three powers is possible. Even if there are great differences to the legislative and executive branches, the constitution states that the judiciary is exercised exclusively by courts and tribunals. Nevertheless, the council is seen as a non-judgmental body of the judiciary. It is also assigned to the organs of public administration and compared with "organs of state control and legal protection" ( Supreme Chamber of Control , Commissioner for Civil Rights and State Council for Radio and Television ). Whether the council is assigned to a specific authority or not has an influence on the interpretation of its powers.

history

Beginnings

The council came into being in 1989 as a result of the round table discussions . Unlike in the People's Republic of Poland , this is intended to guarantee the independence of the judiciary. The Council was already included in the constitutional amendment of April 1989 . The constitutional body was established on the basis of the Law on the National Council for Jurisdiction of December 20, 1989 . Some lawyers feared that the composition would lead to professional solidarity. The project was not consulted with judges during the legislative process. On April 20, 1990 , President Wojciech Jaruzelski appointed 79 judges to the voivodeship, district and military courts on a proposal from the Council .

1997 Constitution and 2001 Law

The Constitution mentions the Council in Articles 186 and 187 as well as Article 191 Paragraph 1 Point 2. With the adaptation to the new constitution, the need for a new law was justified. On July 27, 2001, this was finally passed after more than two years of parliamentary work. Among other things, the council was enabled to participate in the structuring of judges' salaries. A presidium was also introduced. The term of office no longer relates to the council, but to its members. Council decisions regarding individual judges can, according to the law, be appealed to the Supreme Court and not, as before, to the Supreme Administrative Court.

2007 Constitutional Court judgment and 2011 law

In 2007 the Council turned to the Constitutional Court to examine the constitutionality of the President's ability to determine the Council's rules of procedure. In November 2009 the Constitutional Court ruled this unconstitutional.

On May 12, 2011, a new law was passed regulating many aspects that were previously in the Rules of Procedure.

Amendment from 2017

Amid protests, an amendment law was adopted by the parliamentary majority in the eighth legislative period , which prematurely dismisses the 15 judges of the council and divides it into two chambers. The President made use of his right of veto on July 31, 2017, but Duda then submitted an initiative that also removed all 15 judges. The judges are no longer elected by the judiciary, but by the parliamentary majority. After the successful legislative process in the Sejm and Senate, he signed the proposed amendment on December 21, 2017.

According to the Venice Commission , most members should be elected by judges in a constitutional state . The politicization of the organ is also strengthened by the members' now joint term of office.

A total of 18 proposals were received, of which only PiS (nine judges) and Kukiz'15 (six judges) nominated for election. The proximity to the Justice Minister is viewed critically by several candidates. On March 5, 2018, the Justice and Human Rights Committee gave parliament a list of 15 candidates for election (18-10 voting ratio). The election was en bloc with the participation of both parties: 269 out of 460 MPs took part in the election, with the exception of two abstentions, all of whom voted for the list. This gave a three-fifths majority of 162 votes. Florian Hassel writes in the Süddeutsche about a “council of the unqualified”, which consists of “former subordinates of the Minister of Justice, school friends, wives of judges known to him”. The author states that “in the past they applied for high-ranking judicial posts as often as unsuccessfully”.

Tasks and competencies

The KRS can have so-called normative acts examined by the Constitutional Court, provided that they concern the independence of courts and judges. Projects of this kind can also be evaluated and suggestions made in relation to them.

The council examines and evaluates candidates for judges and assessors and then applies to the president to appeal to the appropriate courts. The assumption of the official duties of a judge by an assessor can be blocked. In addition, the body takes a position on the dismissal of court presidents and deputies, examines applications for the transfer of judges to retirement or applications for the reinstatement of retired judges. Legal clerkship curricula and the details of the selection process for legal clerkship and judge exams can be assessed. The council sends one person to the program advisory board of the National College of Justice and Prosecution and can take a position on the appointment / dismissal of the director.

The KRS adopts a catalog of regulations that defines the professional ethos for judges and assessors and ensures that it is followed. He elects the disciplinary attorney for the ordinary courts and also one for the military courts. In addition, court visits are carried out and the work of a judge is checked in individual cases.

In 2016, the Council examined 1,410 candidates for judicial offices, of which 415 were proposed to the President. The average time it took to assess a candidate was 66 days. The President may only appoint judges proposed by the Council.

composition

Composition of the councils for the judiciary according to the appointment procedure in a European comparison (as of 2015)
composition
 Starting position Amendment to the law of July 12, 2017 (veto of the President on July 31, 2017) Presidential amendment of December 8, 2017
Minister of Justice, Chairman of the Supreme Court , Chairman of the Supreme Administrative Court , a representative of the President , four elected deputies by the Sejm , two elected senators by the Senate .
  • two Supreme Court justices elected by the Supreme Court Judges' Assembly;
  • two judges of the administrative courts elected by the general assembly of judges of the administrative courts;
  • two from the midst of the Assembly of Representatives of Appeal Courts;
  • eight from the middle of the representative assembly of district courts;
  • one from the midst of the judges' assembly of the military courts.

According to the constitution, the term of office is four years.

15 judges from the Supreme Court, the Ordinary Courts and the Administrative and Military Courts are elected by the Sejm with a simple majority (Poland) . A group of 25 public prosecutors has the right to propose. Proponents: more democratic influence; Breaking up encrusted and hierarchical structures. Opponent: Partial influence; premature expiration of the constitutional term of four years. 15 judges from the Supreme Court, the ordinary courts, as well as the administrative and military courts are elected by the Sejm with a qualified three-fifths majority. The right of nomination is only available to a group of at least 2,000 citizens or at least 25 acting judges. Each parliamentary club is given the list of candidates, of which each club can nominate a maximum of nine people for election. If fewer than 15 of the proposed candidates are nominated, the Sejm Presidium adds accordingly. The responsible parliamentary committee draws up a list of 15 candidates. If a qualified three-fifths majority is not achieved in the subsequent election in the Sejm, the election takes place with an absolute majority (Poland) . Here, too, the term of office of all previous council members expires prematurely.

Chairperson

Chairman Period
Stanislaw Zimoch February 23, 1990 - February 23, 1994
Adam Strzembosz March 24, 1994 - March 24, 1998
Włodzimierz Olszewski April 16, 1998 - March 18, 2002
Andrzej Jagiełło April 4, 2002 - February 14, 2004
Krzysztof Strzelczyk March 4, 2004 - March 19, 2006
Stanisław Dąbrowski March 27, 2006 - March 22, 2010
Antoni Górski March 31, 2010 - March 23, 2014
Roman Hauser May 6, 2014 - November 6, 2015
Dariusz Zawistowski November 17, 2015 - January 15, 2018
Małgorzata Gersdorf January 23, 2018 - March 6, 2018
Leszek Mazur since April 27, 2018

annotation

  1. ↑ constitution; Laws, ratified international treaties, presidential ordinances in a state of war; Ordinances; Acts of local law; Decisions of the Council of Ministers; Orders of the president, chairman of the council of ministers and ministers; Directives of the central and local organs of government administration; normative decisions of the Sejm and Senate

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Informacja o wynikach kontroli wykonania budżetu państwa w 2016 r. w części 52 Krajowa Rada Sądownictwa. In: nik.gov.pl. Retrieved July 10, 2018 (Polish).
  2. ↑ Słownik procedur parlamentarnych , Kancelaria Sejmu, ISBN 83-909381-0-3 , p. 396
  3. ↑ a b Joanna Bodio, Grzegorz Borkowski, Tomasz Demendecki: Ustrój organów ochrony prawnej. Część szczegółowa . 3. Edition. Wolters Kluwer Polska, Warsaw 2011, ISBN 978-83-264-1046-8 .
  4. ↑ a b c d Marek Safjan, Leszek Bosek: Konstytucja RP. Tom II. Commentary do art. 87-243 . CH Beck, Warsaw 2016, ISBN 978-83-255-7491-8 .
  5. ^ Bogusław Banaszak: Konstytucja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej: komentarz . 2nd Edition. CH Beck, Warsaw 2012, ISBN 978-83-255-4095-1 .
  6. ↑ Piotr Winczorek: Komentarz do Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 2 kwietnia 1997 roku . Liber, Warsaw 2008, ISBN 978-83-7206-082-2 , pp. 359 .
  7. ↑ Ustawa z dnia 7 kwietnia 1989 r. o zmianie Konstytucji Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej. In: prawo.sejm.gov.pl. Retrieved July 10, 2018 (Polish).
  8. ↑ Ustawa z dnia 20 grudnia 1989 r. o Krajowej Radzie Sądownictwa. In: prawo.sejm.gov.pl. Retrieved July 10, 2018 (Polish).
  9. ↑ Z kraju. Nominacje sędziowskie . In: Nowiny . 93, April 1990, p. 2.
  10. ^ Constitution of the Republic of Poland. In: sejm.gov.pl. Retrieved July 10, 2018 .
  11. ↑ a b Uzasadnienie do projektu ustawy o KRS. In: orka.sejm.gov.pl. Retrieved July 10, 2018 (Polish).
  12. ↑ Ustawa z dnia 27 lipca 2001 r. o Krajowej Radzie Sądownictwa. In: prawo.sejm.gov.pl. Retrieved July 10, 2018 (Polish).
  13. ↑ Komisyjny projekt ustawy o Krajowej Radzie Sądownictwa. Opis przebiegu procesu legislacyjnego. In: orka.sejm.gov.pl. Retrieved July 10, 2018 (Polish).
  14. ↑ K 62/07 Szczegóły orzeczenia - System Analizy Orzeczeń Sądowych. In: saos.org.pl. Retrieved July 10, 2018 (Polish).
  15. ↑ a b c d Obwieszczenie Marszałka Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 30 stycznia 2018 r. w sprawie ogłoszenia jednolitego tekstu ustawy o Krajowej Radzie Sądownictwa. In: prawo.sejm.gov.pl. Retrieved July 10, 2018 (Polish).
  16. ↑ Uzasadnienie do projektu ustawy o KRS. In: orka.sejm.gov.pl. Retrieved July 10, 2018 (Polish).
  17. ↑ Piotr Pytlakowski: ulice Nasze. Polityka , pp. 18-20, July 26, 2017.
  18. ^ Tu jest Polska. Gazeta Wyborcza , pp. 10-11, 22-23. July 2017
  19. ↑ a b Rządowy project ustawy o zmianie ustawy o Krajowej Radzie Sądownictwa oraz niektórych innych ustaw. In: sejm.gov.pl. Retrieved December 18, 2017 (Polish).
  20. ↑ Ustawa o Krajowej Radzie Sądownictwa. Dziennik Gazeta Prawna, p. D6, 21. – 23. July 2017
  21. ↑ Prezydent przekazał Sejmowi do ponownego rozpatrzenia ustawę o KRS. In: prezydent.pl. Retrieved December 18, 2017 (Polish).
  22. ↑ a b Przedstawiony przez Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej projekt ustawy o zmianie ustawy o Krajowej Radzie Sądownictwa oraz niektórych innych ustaw. In: sejm.gov.pl. Retrieved December 18, 2017 (Polish).
  23. ↑ CDL-AD (2017) 031-ePoland - Opinion on the Draft Act amending the Act on the National Council of the Judiciary; on the Draft Act amending the Act on the Supreme Court, proposed by the President of Poland, and on the Act on the Organization of Ordinary Courts, adopted by the Commission at its 113th Plenary Session (Venice, December 8-9, 2017). In: venice.coe.int. Pp. 6-8 , accessed March 7, 2018 .
  24. ↑ Sejmowa komisja wskazała 15 kandydatów do Krajowej Rady Sądownictwa. In: tvn24.pl. February 18, 2018, accessed March 7, 2018 (Polish).
  25. ↑ Wykaz sędziów - kandydatów na członków Krajowej Rady Sądownictwa wskazanych przez kluby poselskie. In: sejm.gov.pl. Retrieved March 7, 2018 (Polish).
  26. ↑ Członkowie Krajowej Rady Sądownictwa zostaną wybrani najprawdopodobniej we wtorek. In: rmf24.pl. March 1, 2018, accessed March 7, 2018 (Polish).
  27. ↑ Sejm wybrał sędziów do Krajowej Rady Sądownictwa. In: tvn24.pl. March 6, 2018, accessed March 7, 2018 (Polish).
  28. ^ Co mówią o kandydatach do Krajowej Rady Sądownictwa ich dokumenty. In: tvn24.pl. February 18, 2018, accessed March 7, 2018 (Polish).
  29. ↑ Council of unqualified. In: sueddeutsche.de. March 7, 2018, accessed March 8, 2018 .
  30. ↑ Prof. Stanisław Piątek: normatywne Akty. (PDF) In: wz.uw.edu.pl. P. 2 , accessed on July 10, 2018 (Polish).
  31. ↑ UCHWAŁA No. 16/2003 KRAJOWEJ RADY SĄDOWNICTWA z dnia 19 lutego 2003 r. w sprawie uchwalenia zbioru zasad etyki zawodowej sędziów. In: krs.pl. Retrieved July 10, 2018 (Polish).
  32. ↑ Dokumenty Rady Krajowej Sądownictwa dotyczące etyki sędziowskiej. In: krs.pl. Retrieved July 10, 2018 (Polish).
  33. ↑ Informacja z działalności Krajowej Rady Sądownictwa w 2016 r. (print nr 1634). (PDF) In: orka.sejm.gov.pl. P. 18 , accessed on July 10, 2018 (Polish).
  34. ↑ Sprawozdanie z wykonania budżetu państwa za okres od 1 stycznia do 31 grudnia 2016 r. (print nr 1588). Informacja o wykonaniu wydatków w układzie zadaniowym w 2016 r. (PDF) In: orka.sejm.gov.pl. P. 141 , accessed on July 10, 2018 (Polish).
  35. ↑ Piotr Winczorek: Komentarz do Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 2 kwietnia 1997 roku . Liber, Warsaw 2008, ISBN 978-83-7206-082-2 , pp. 353 .
  36. ↑ Ustawa o Krajowej Radzie Sądownictwa. Co się zmieni po reformie. In: GazetaPrawna.pl. July 21, 2017. Retrieved December 18, 2017 (Polish).
  37. ↑ Andrzej Duda zawetuje ustawy o SN i KRS? Rzecznik prezydenta komentuje. In: Wprost . December 15, 2017. Retrieved December 18, 2017 (Polish).
  38. ↑ Tak PiS chce oddać całą sprawiedliwość w ręce Zbigniewa Ziobry. Pokazujemy to dot po punkcie [INFORMATOR]. In: Gazeta Wyborcza . July 18, 2017, Retrieved December 18, 2017 (Polish).