Criminal police reporting service

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The Criminal Police Intelligence Service (KPMD) since the 1930s platform for exchange of police information and the knowledge Communication between local police departments, local authorities, the State Criminal Police Offices and the Federal Criminal Police Office with the aim of location matched (current) information gathering. On the one hand, it is used to assess the police situation (BdL) and, on the other hand, for appropriate police action , e.g. B. Concerted Actions (Priorities).

basis

In 1928, the German criminologist Robert Heindl institutionalized the criminal police reporting service (KPMD) , a bureaucratic working method as a criminal police system for investigating criminal offenses, for the first time with his remarks on the comparison of criminal offenses. The core of the criminal investigation activity is a systematic comparison of the typical working methods of known criminals with the description of traces of crimes that have not yet been resolved according to criminological principles of experience and specific criminal investigation criteria.

The criminal police reporting service as a research system is necessary for the particularly dangerous, nationally acting professional, habitual and sexual offenders for regional criminal police central offices (state criminal police offices and the federal criminal police office as the central office) with central collecting and evaluation activities.

“[…] There are lawbreakers who mainly commit criminal acts within their permanent place of residence or abode, and those who are active in large areas (local and regional offenders). The local offender can, as a rule, be identified by local (criminal) police measures, provided he only occasionally commits a criminal offense (occasional offender). However, if he acts as a professional or habitual criminal or if he is to be regarded as an instinctual criminal, then - as with the supra-local offender - because of the risk of becoming criminal, it must be recorded centrally at other locations as well. […] The supra-local, not redacted offender can only be identified by supra-local (criminal) police measures. The documents required for this should primarily be provided by the criminal police registration service. [...] "

- Federal Archives (Germany) : 42nd meeting of the AG Kripo. B 131/1475, meetings of the AG Kripo

Significance of the criminal police reporting service

The criminal police reporting service is based on repeatedly confirmed findings. Professional, habitual and instinctual criminals predominantly commit the same or at least similar crimes over and over again. In doing so, they utilize professional knowledge and skills, mental and physical abilities and the experience gained in the course of their criminal activity. As a result, they develop very specific working methods that are characteristic of them, to which they can generally be adhered to and thus recognized. In terms of the criminological perseverance hypothesis , i.e. the delict and modus operandi perseverance , the possibilities of identifying an unknown perpetrator and proving further criminal offenses of an identified perpetrator increase if, in addition to the characteristics of the special working method, those identified during the commission of the crime are also personality-bound constant characteristics and behavior of the offender (i.e. externally visible distinctive physical characteristics, other abnormalities in the external appearance and in general personal behavior, instinctual predispositions, etc.) are included.

On the basis of the execution of the offense and the personality-related characteristics and behaviors, it is possible to determine connections with regard to crimes that have not yet been resolved at different locations and times and to obtain information about the possible perpetrator by comparing them with the working methods and other characteristics of known perpetrators. A systematic comparison of the working methods in connection with the description of the perpetrators, crime scenes, crime times and other more detailed circumstances of the crime often also allows conclusions to be drawn about future travel routes of as yet unknown supra-local lawbreakers in the endangered areas, so that preventive search and investigation other measures can be initiated.

Federal German registration services and areas of crime

The German police authorities operate reporting services in the following areas of crime with corresponding reporting obligations:

  • Property crime and vehicle crime
  • Counterfeiting of means of payment
  • Money laundering
  • Violent and serious crime, each with their own reporting services for violent criminals on the left, right, sport and politically motivated foreign crime
  • ICT crime
  • Child pornography
  • Organized crime, especially those related to rockers
  • Politically motivated crime and internal security
  • Drug crime

The reporting obligations and evaluation priorities depend on the offense and are based on country-specific, non-public regulations for the respective reporting service and are largely shaped by the following factors across all offenses:

  • Current focus
  • General KPMD relevance after the execution of the crime and modus operandi
  • Particular danger posed by perpetrators / groups, gang structures, supra-local groups of perpetrators
  • Special victim selection, e.g. B. Older people / children
  • Urgency, topicality, situation development
  • Major or significant damage
  • Press, public interest
  • New phenomena, special manifestations
  • Crime frequency, crime consolidation hotspots

In the event of a reportable event, the locally responsible, responsible police station has to send a corresponding notification to the responsible central office (such as the State Criminal Police Office) within a short (usually fixed) period. The reported information is processed there, e.g. B. compared with other, comparable acts, perpetrators, etc., evaluated and u. U. enriched with further information. These qualified reports are forwarded to the Federal Criminal Police Office as the national central office. The BKA stores the data in specific composite files that can be queried by authorized users.

Special reporting services

  • The police in Germany use the ViCLAS database system (Violent Crime Linkage Analysis System = analysis system for merging series of violent crimes) in close connection with operational case analysis. It is used in homicides and sexual offenses in which there were no family or other acquaintances between the victim and the perpetrator.
  • With the special reporting service Cybercrime , the composite application INPOL case Cybercrime and the Police Crime Statistics (PKS) have also been adapted since 2012 . In the PKS, among other things, special identifications and phenomena for recording cybercrime are recorded, which allow statements to be made on the following phenomena, for example: ransomware, (D) DoS attack, digital identity theft / account takeover, attack on online banking and intrusion into data networks / data modification / data theft for non-natural persons.
  • The special reporting service for weapons and explosives matters was carried out as a paper form (KP 27) until May 2016 and is now being replaced by the electronic PIAV report. Case data from the case processing systems of the federal states are automatically generated for a PIAV report and sent via an interface to the PIAV central office of the state criminal investigation offices. From the central offices there, after a quality assurance check, the PIAV report is forwarded to the Federal Criminal Police Office to PIAV-Operativ Zentral and can therefore be researched nationwide.
  • As part of the special reporting service for white-collar crime , the following criminal offenses must be reported: financial crimes, fraud and breach of trust i. Z. m. Shareholdings and capital investments, labor offenses, competition offenses, bankruptcy offenses and health offenses - billing fraud.

Further development of the criminal police reporting service

Three independently conducted surveys of Criminological Research Group of the Bavarian Police on behalf of the Bavarian State Ministry of the Interior presented the 1982 KPMD the importance of deliktsperseverantem behavior of offenders and modus operandi in the system of police fight crime by Tatklärung and perpetrator investigation in question. According to the study, the majority of habitual offenders adapts to the structure of the offense and tries to achieve the desired goals with all possible means . Based on these findings, the AG Kripo (working group of the heads of the federal German state criminal police offices with the BKA) decided in 1982 to introduce a nationwide catalog of reportable crimes with effect from January 1, 1983, which is still valid today. For the Reformation of the Registration Service, a further research project was awarded to the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt am Main in 1987 , which was published in the 1994 final report as the Oevermann project . As early as 1993, working group II (AK II) of the AG Kripo decided on the basis of this Oevermann project and the recommendation of the KPMD commission to view the electronicization of the reporting services as a sub-project of the INPOL-new project .

The 16th meeting of the Commission on Combating Crime (KKB) in October 2006 [...] considers it necessary to first collect a nationwide current status and the actual information requirements by the reporting service. On the basis of the result, a concept for the rationalization of the reporting services is to be developed. For this purpose, a federal-state project group (BLPG) is set up with the participation of the KOK (Commission for Organized Crime). [...] The investigations in six federal states (Hesse, Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia and Rhineland-Palatinate) covered the following nine crime and subject areas in the period from September 2006 to June 2007:

  • Burglary
  • Smuggling
  • graffiti
  • Motor vehicle offenses
  • robbery
  • Homicides
  • Sexual offenses
  • Missing and unknown dead
  • Management (across all offenses)

The following decisive results were obtained:

  • The diversity, naming and diversity of the files, for example from case processing systems (HE: ComVor, BY: IGVP), operational systems (HE: Crime, BY: ADKV), police information systems (HE & BW: POLAS, NRW: FINDUS, RP: POLADIS , NS: NIVADIS), as well as situation monitoring systems (BW: LABIS), geographical systems (RP: GEOPOLISK), special applications (RP: own database), police crime statistics (HE, NRW) and INPOL case applications (BY, BW, RP and NS: all domesch).
  • The further releases of information to other states or to the BKA done primarily by internal police teletype systems , EPost and email , often by telephone or fax .
  • Deficits in the information supplied, which is reported by the police headquarters to the central offices, especially in the areas of burglary, graffiti and motor vehicles, which usually only cover the information needs to a small extent to sufficient (up to 75%). The delivery of information is better for smuggling offenses, the delivery of information works best (good = over 90%) for robbery, homicide and sexual offenses.

This resulted u. a. The following optimization suggestions across all offenses:

  • Isolation of case data only in particularly justified cases
  • Nationwide uniform process and case processing systems
  • Inclusion of state security knowledge to determine the connections between general and state security crime
  • Single entry in the case processing systems and multiple use in other police systems via interfaces and adaptations of catalogs
  • Early entry of data in police systems with high data quality
  • Joint organizational unit from LKA, BP and customs (financial control of illegal work - FKS)
  • Action guidelines for the presentation of outstanding events (uniform), according to a specified catalog of indicators
  • Automate reports of KPMD-relevant crimes to the BKA nationwide (from state systems)
  • Optimized process management system with research and visualization options
  • Regular nationwide meetings of the evaluation department
  • Creation of additional Europe-wide systems (in addition to INPOL and SIS for more information input)
  • Faster information processing, including when European police authorities work together
  • Creation of administrative and evaluation competence in one organizational unit
  • Increase in data quality
  • Daily state situation reports and uniform situation reports with a specified catalog (analogous to WE decree)
  • Pursuing a personal and parallel to this a crime-oriented evaluation approach.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Robert Weihmann, Hinrich de Vries: Criminology: For study, practice, leadership . 13th edition. German police literature, Hilden 2014, ISBN 978-3-8011-0740-6 .
  2. ^ Ernst-Heinrich Ahlf: Police crime files . In: BKA research series . Special tape. Federal University of Applied Sciences for Public Administration, Criminal Police Department, Federal Criminal Police Office, 2008, ISSN  0174-5433 .
  3. ^ Criminal police reporting services (KPMD) and special reporting services (SMD). CIVES Redaktionsbüro GmbH, June 19, 2016, accessed on October 5, 2017 .
  4. ↑ Harald Dern et al. a .: Quality standards of case analysis for the federal and state police forces. Federal Criminal Police Office , 2010, accessed on October 22, 2017 .
  5. ↑ Operative case analysis (OFA) - case analysis procedures and the ViCLAS database at the German police. Retrieved October 22, 2017 .
  6. ↑ Wendy Füllgraf: Hacktivists - Final Report . Federal Criminal Police Office research results, Wiesbaden 2016.
  7. ↑ Bundeskriminalamt-Referat SO 51 (Ed.): Bundeslagebild Waffenkriminalität 2010 . Federal Criminal Police Office, Wiesbaden 2010.
  8. ↑ Martin Rangnow: PIAV - police offices of information and analysis composite started . In: Pro Police . May / June 2016, May 1, 2016, p. 24 .
  9. ↑ Federal Economic Crime Report 2006. Retrieved October 22, 2017 .
  10. ↑ Wiebke Steffen: Investigation of the possibilities of the data comparison of perpetrator inspection characteristics for case consolidation . Bavarian State Criminal Police Office, Munich 1982, OCLC 159888796 (three-part research series).
  11. ↑ Oevermann et al. a .: Forensic data indexing - on the reform of the criminal police reporting service . In: BKA research series . Special tape. Federal University of Applied Sciences for Public Administration, Criminal Police Department, Federal Criminal Police Office, 1994.
  12. ↑ Gerhard Schmelz: Optimization of the state of knowledge in the area of ​​the evaluation of violent and property crime at the level of the state criminal investigation offices . VFH Wiesbaden Police Department, Wiesbaden August 2007.

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