Police situation

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A police situation is a situation in which the police because of their task , crimes to pursue ( legality principle ) to prevent, prohibit or ( security ), an action is required.

The term is used differently. On the one hand it is understood as a tactical term, on the other hand as part of the security situation .

Deployment theory

In the police force, all kinds of situations are recorded and assessed (thematically, geographically); situation pictures become clear. The assessment of the situation (BdL) takes place centrally, for example at a cross-association situation center. A police situation arises from every security incident.

Police situations have functional (people, groups, etc.) and temporal ( calendar or event) references. Functional situations are, for example, crime, hazard and state security situations. These are not only incorporated into the police tactics, but also into the police crime statistics (PKS).

Another functional (thematic) situation is the major damage situation (GSL) with a prompt call for forces , a high level of personnel deployment and the formation of a special organizational structure (BAO). It is an instant situation.

species

In terms of police tactics , one speaks of

  • Time slots when an event can be foreseen (e.g. announced events, gatherings , state visits ). This situation is time-related and can be planned organizationally ( deployment order ) and personnel. A safe and sufficient deployment of personnel can be guaranteed here. Furthermore, a BAO can be set up well in advance. The time-related opposite of this are immediate situations.
  • Immediate situations (also known as ad-hoc situations ) if a police-relevant event suddenly occurs, e. B. an amok / hostage situation , or in the event of damage or spontaneous demonstrations. This situation is also time-related and is processed by a time-critical force call and the allocation of resources . For this purpose, deployment concepts of a personnel nature, such as the deployment hundred of the state or riot police, are kept ready.

Furthermore, there are functional situations, for example unpeaceful demonstrative situations (deployments in unpeaceful demonstrative actions, abbreviated udA).

The majority of the instant layers is through the strip of the police single service handled (so-called "single service positions").

As soon as there are deficiencies in the presentation of the situation picture, the introduction of forces or the leadership, the start-up phase of an operation is regularly a chaos phase. The temporal opposite of the immediate position is the time position.

  • mobile locations , if an event does not take place stationary.
  • Mixed positions , if a time position is followed by an immediate position (example: a meeting is only announced a few hours before it is held).

All situations are first assessed by a staff or a responsible decision maker based on the facts (BdL). This is followed by the decision, the issuing of orders and the execution.

In every police situation, a report from the emergency services on site is essential, as the higher-level management always works separately from what is happening ( operations center , command staff, etc.). The motto “the leadership is blind” means that the decision-makers are dependent on situation reports from the local officials in order to be able to make appropriate (situation-adapted) decisions.

In German police forces there are so-called situation writers whose only task is to document and present the crime situation around the clock for a day. This creates the situation picture resp. the situation reports are created.

Furthermore, there are situations of daily duty such as traffic accidents, disputes, physical disputes, minor danger situations or the execution of arrest warrants; see police operations .

Security situation

Depending on the type of situation, the security situation of a federal state or federal state is considered; this is continuously collected, updated and constantly analyzed. Countermeasures adapted to the situation are usually taken when the security situation is disturbed. The offenses are included in the police crime statistics. It has geographical and criminological references.

Theoretically, the security situation is always disturbed, since criminal offenses are constantly being committed - only the extent (e.g. frequency of offenses , amounts of damage, number of victims), the manner of inspection , the objects addressed, the motivation , the geographical reference ( focal points ), the perpetrators (e.g. origin, composition and travel routes) and the times of the crime are constantly changing.

With statistical analysis is considered regularly and in detail the scope and causes of which groups the public safety has been compromised. This is a basis for root cause research and the dynamic definition of the content of crime prevention .

The aim of ongoing observation of the police situation is to control and optimize the security situation ( fight against crime ). A tactical police instrument here is the determination of priorities for police action ( Police Service Regulation 100) and the fight against hot spots.

See also