Forensic science

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Forensic investigation by the police

The Forensic Science ( KT ) summarizes all findings and actions that are scientific with the application and utilization, and based on experience insights for criminological tracks ( track customer deal).

Areas of forensic science

Traces of shape

→ Main article: Technical traces of form

This is the thematically largest area of ​​forensic technology, which is primarily responsible for technical traces of form and which requires the most comprehensive specialist knowledge for the evaluation. This includes areas of investigation such as:

  • Locking technology (lock, key, lock cylinder)
  • Tool marks
  • Shoe marks
  • car tracks
  • Glove marks
  • Removal of embossed marks made visible
  • Motor vehicle offenses (falsification, overcoming immobilizers, etc.)
  • Pass marks
  • Broken glass
  • Bite marks
  • Clothing identification

Weapons and ammunition

  • Firearms
  • Cutting and stabbing weapons
  • Legal classification of weapons and ammunition

Certificates, passports, typescripts and printing technology

The document technology is a comprehensive physical and chemical check of documents, printed products, passports, paper and other written media with regard to features that are relevant for forgery during an authenticity check or otherwise, e.g. B. in the case of illegal documents such as letters of self-accusation, they can prove connections and serve as search tools.

Biological analysis

The forensic biology is the latest forensic field, but an indispensable part of the forensics. These include the areas of expertise:

  • DNA analysis
  • Textile examinations (including textile stitch marks)
  • Human traces (lip, ear and skin prints)
  • Soil surveys

Chemical analysis

Like biological analysis, it belongs to what is known as scientific forensic technology . This subject is mainly concerned with material analysis.

Dactyloscopy

The term dactyloscopy summarizes all findings and measures that deal with the application and utilization of scientific findings with regard to criminal traces ( trace science ) of skin ridges (e.g. fingerprints ).

Handwriting examination

Forensic handwriting examinations or judicial comparisons of handwriting aim to make statements on the question of a) authenticity or inauthenticity of signatures and / and b) authorship by way of comparing the characteristics of two or more writing activities. In (rare) exceptional cases, a chronological classification of questionable writing achievements (relative age determination) is possible. Examination requirements: the original material in question must always be available and there must be sufficient comparative (-signatures) available.

Forensic information and communication ( ICT )

  • Evidence-preserving storage of computer data, cf. IT forensics .

Forensic information services

Various information systems are available for further processing and solving forensic problem areas. These have developed over the course of modern criminal history and are provided by the Federal Criminal Police Office , the State Criminal Police Offices and other police stations , among others .

The most frequently used directory assistance services include:

Forensic science in the media

Forensic science has received increased attention in television series, especially in recent years. Examples are primarily American series such as the CSI series ( CSI: On the trail of the perpetrators , CSI: Miami , CSI: NY ) or Navy CIS . An example from Germany would be RIS - The Language of the Dead .

The sometimes exaggerated or impossible presentation of technical possibilities leads to further problems, such as the CSI effect .

See also

literature

  • Ackermann, Rolf; Clages, Horst; Roll Holger; Handbuch Kriminalistik, 4th edition, 2011, Boorberg Verlag, ISBN 978-3415044814 .
  • Raoul Kirmes, private IT forensics and private investigations, two sides of the same coin? An analysis of the terms, roles and legal fields of activity for private IT forensics, at the same time laying the foundation for a professional law in private IT forensics; Josef EUL Verlag, Lohmar, 2012, ISBN 978-3844102048 .
  • Horst Clages, (Ed.), Der Rote Faden: Principles of criminal practice (foundations of criminalistics), Verlag Kriminalistik, ISBN 978-3783208078 .
  • Jürgen Thorwald : The hour of the detectives. Becomes and worlds of criminology. Droemer Knaur, Zurich and Munich 1966.

Web links

Wiktionary: Forensic science  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations