Krwawa środa

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As Krwawa środa (German: Bloody Wednesday or blood Wednesday ) is in Poland of 15 August 1906 , respectively. On that day, members of the Polish Socialist Party's fighting organization ( Organizacja Bojowa Polskiej Partii Socjalistycznej , OBPPS) carried out several attacks on authorities and police stations in the Russian- occupied Congress Poland . There were around 100 attacks in up to 20 locations. According to various sources, up to 80 people, mostly Russian police officers and informants, were killed. The blood Wednesday operation is one of the most famous activities of the OBPPS.

In the previous months, the OBPPS had organized attacks against the Russian occupiers several times. In August 1906 these actions reached a climax. On August 15, there were coordinated actions in which police stations in particular were attacked at the same time. Kazimierz Sosnkowski was involved in the actions in Warsaw as head of the Warsaw section of the OBPPS. Not all OBPPS officials support the attacks. Above all, Józef Piłsudski was against the actions. Other, more moderate organizations such as the Socjaldemokracja Królestwa Polskiego i Litwy and the General Jewish Workers' Union were also hostile.

As a reaction of the Russian rulers, there was a tightening of the policy of persecution against independence activists. Arrests and convictions increased, and the Russian army cracked down harder than before in the working-class neighborhoods of Warsaw, Łódź and other cities. One consequence of the attacks was a pogrom in Siedlce from September 8 to 10, 1906.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Włodzimierz Borodziej , History of Poland in the 20th Century , ISBN 978-3-406-60648-9 , CH Beck, Munich 2010, p. 67
  2. ↑ a b Martin Aust, Ludwig Steindorff, Russia 1905: Perspectives on the First Russian Revolution , Volume 9 of the Kiel Workpieces: Contributions to Eastern European History , ISBN 3631559909 , Publisher: Lang, 2007, p. 19 (accessed on May 1, 2013)
  3. ^ Norman Davies, God's playground: A History of Poland , Volume II: 1795 to the Present , ISBN 0-19-925340-4 , Oxford University Press, New York 2005, p. 275 (in English, accessed May 1, 2013 )
  4. ^ Organizacja Bojowa Polskiej Partii Socjalistycznej at Onet Wiem (in Polish, accessed on May 1, 2013)
  5. ↑ Anna Geifman, Death orders: the vanguard of modern terrorism in revolutionary Russia , ISBN 978-0-275-99752-6 , Praeger Security International, Santa Barbara 2010, p. 33 (in English, accessed May 1, 2013)
  6. ↑ Kazimierz Sosnkowski at Polskie Radio on October 11, 2012 (in Polish, accessed on May 1, 2013)