LTE-Advanced

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LTE-Advanced ( Long-Term-Evolution-Advanced , abbreviated LTE-A or LTE + ) is a fourth generation (4G) cellular standard and an extension of LTE that enables higher data transmission rates. The improvements include higher bandwidths of 300 to 400 megabits per second in download and up to 1000 megabits per second in upload, and lower latencies , depending on the version and device standard . The first LTE Advanced devices came onto the market in Germany in 2014, with existing LTE base stations only requiring a software update.

background

As with the design of the UMTS standard (3G), which was designed to meet the ever-increasing demands in the cellular network, the LTE cellular technology was also designed to be technically expanded over time. First considerations and concepts for this were already in 2002 with the ITU-R proposal (Working Party 8F) "Future development of IMT-2000 and systems beyond IMT-2000" ( "Future development of IMT-2000 and systems according to IMT-2000 “ ) Elaborated. Further working groups were formed after the Radiocommunication Assembly in 2007 (RA-07). In addition, an international agreement, which is important for the development of LTE, was reached with regard to frequency distribution at WTC-07.

In September 2009, the 3GPP working group submitted the proposal "LTE Release 10 & beyond (LTE-Advanced)" to the ITU in order to replace the predecessor LTE Release 8 (also called IMT-2000) and thus officially the ITU R in 2008 to meet the requirements catalog IMT-Advanced . LTE-Advanced was then presented at the Mobile World Congress 2011 in Barcelona, ​​at that time 1.2 Gbit / s was achieved under laboratory conditions . A test by Ericsson with LTE Advanced in June 2011 took place under live conditions with commercially available hardware; A download speed of 900 Mbit / s was achieved. In October 2011, the proposal was approved by the ITU-R WP5D working group as being complete and fulfilling all criteria, and was thus officially accepted.

Technical characteristics

  • LTE-Advanced is backwards compatible with LTE, which means that older LTE devices can continue to use the new networks.
  • Configuration of two or more transmit and receive antennas (multi-antenna technology or MIMO technology) and the associated technology such as CoMP (Coordinated multipoint transmission and reception), with which different base stations can be used in parallel in heterogeneous networks (even with different signal strengths).
  • Relay procedure
LTE / 3.9G LTE-Advanced according to ITU LTE-Advanced according to 3GPP
Peak data rates
(Mbit / s)
Downlink (DL) 300 1000 1000 (with low mobility)
100 (with high mobility)
Uplink (UL) 75 500
Spectral bandwidth (MHz) 1.4-20 20-100 20-100
Latency (ms) User data latency (user plane / U-plane) <10 10 10
Control latency (Control plane / C-Plane) <100 100 50
Spectral efficiency
(bit / s / Hz)
Downlink (DL) 15th 15th 30th
Uplink (UL) 3.75 6.75 15th
  • The available frequencies differ depending on the country, the LTE-Advanced is supposed to support worldwide roaming .
  • Application-specific advantages:
  • Real time games (low latency)
  • Broadband connection for non-mobile end customers, replaces the wired broadband connection (contractually, as regulated at Vodafone, then only limited to certain regions)
  • Broadband connection of higher capacity for non-mobile end customers, supplements the wired DSL connection (contractual, as regulated by Telekom)
  • VoIP video and audio telephony (provided that the corresponding protocols are not blocked as is the case with many German providers)

Changes compared to LTE

Requirements for LTE Advanced are:

  • Increased peak data rates of DL 3 Gbps, UL 1.5 Gbps
  • Higher spectral efficiency from 16bps / Hz in Rel. 8 to 30 bps / Hz in Rel. 10
  • Higher number of simultaneously active users
  • Higher data rates at the cell edge, e.g. B. for DL ​​2x2 MIMO at least 2.4 bps / Hz / cell

The most important new functions introduced with LTE Advanced:

  • Carrier Aggregation (CA),
  • Improved use of multi-antenna technologies (8x8 MIMO in DL)
  • Support of relay nodes (RN).

Beam bundling

Up to five-fold bundling (carrier aggregation) of 3.9G-specified 20 MHz component carriers is possible, even if they are spectrally separated within the frequency band. Straps made from other ribbons can also be bundled together. The number of component carriers scales dynamically in a few milliseconds depending on the data rate requirements. The data is distributed by a network-side scheduler to the component carriers required in each case based on various load criteria such as QoS parameters, buffer and channel status (depending on OFDM resources, antenna constellation, modulation and coding level ).

See also

Web links

(3GPP Einreichungsunterlagen für IMT-Advanced) (ZIP; 227 kB)

Individual evidence

  1. What is the Difference Between 4G, LTE, LTE +, and LTE Advanced? Retrieved May 8, 2017 .
  2. lte-offer.info
  3. http://www.golem.de/1106/84529.html
  4. Vision of the ITU-R on “Systems Beyond IMT-2000” , presentation slides of the IEEE 802 LAN / MAN Standards Committee (ppt; 2.7 MB)
  5. ^ Development of IMT-Advanced: The SMaRT approach , ITU
  6. Spectrum Activities ( Memento of August 18, 2011 in the Internet Archive ), Next Generation Mobile Networks Ltd.
  7. LTE-Advanced , Jeanette Wannstrom, 3GPP
  8. ITU paves way for next-generation 4G mobile technologies - ITU-R IMT-Advanced 4G standards to usher new era of mobile broadband communications , ITU
  9. a b c http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/workshop/2009-12-17_ITU-R_IMT-Adv_eval/docs/pdf/REV-090002%203GPP%20LTE-Advanced_introduction.pdf
  10. a b http://vbn.aau.dk/files/14350064/thesis_master_Sep14.pdf
  11. Know-how - LTE Advanced: mobile communications with over 1 GBit / s. In: C't: magazine for computer technology. Heise, Hannover 2011, 16, ISSN  0724-8679 , pp. 170-173. or at Heise Mobile
  12. http://www.3gpp.org/LTE/

pl: Long Term Evolution # LTE Advanced