Next Generation Mobile Networks

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Next Generation Mobile Networks ( NGMN for short ) is an ongoing project by mobile communications companies and mobile communications equipment providers to develop the next generation of mobile communications. The generations implemented as of 2015 were UMTS (3G) and LTE (3.9G). The project deals with “4G” (fourth generation) LTE-Advanced (LTE +) and 5G , the fifth generation. In 2013, the European Commission and the 5G Infrastructure Association founded a public-private partnership for 5G (5G PPP).

introduction

NGMN is based on the previous UMTS infrastructures in order to be able to guarantee a quick and cost-effective expansion of the existing 3G mobile radio networks. One of the advantages over the existing networks with High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) is the significantly higher speed of up to 100 Mbit / s = 0.75 GB / min. Furthermore, the end devices used should be able to be permanently connected to the Internet. This should be made possible through more efficient use of the available frequency spectrum, which should also enable a simpler network architecture and lead to latency times of around 10 ms. The network range should not change.

Like the wireless technologies WiMAX and Flash-OFDM, NGMN is based on OFDM . In contrast to the methods mentioned, the frequencies in NGMN are assigned adaptively, i.e. the user is assigned the network resources that he needs at intervals of up to 0.5 ms. This enables a better delay behavior than in other OFDM systems.

Since the beginning of 2005, NGMN has been standardized by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standardization committee .

LTE and 4G "Fourth Generation"

4G describes the next generation of the 3G mobile communications standard with significantly higher data rates. The project by cell phone suppliers and cell phone operators is known under the name LTE-Advanced (4G).

Retrofitting

Cellular networks consist of radio cells, the so-called cells, from which connections are established. If a mobile phone or another device, such as a laptop with a UMTS card, is switched on, this device logs into the cellular network via the network database based on the data stored on the SIM card. The device first logs into a local database, which can also contain several “honeycombs”. If the location of the device changes, the software of the mobile communication device notices this and automatically logs into the next local exchange. The basic structure of the signal structure did not change when the networks were expanded to include UMTS technology, which belongs to the "third generation"; the basic scheme can be retained. The advantage of this approach: The existing infrastructure can be used, which only needs to be expanded with the necessary technical components. This means that - to put it simply - you simply install the 4G components on the existing radio masts.

Features: LTE

  • 100 Mbit / s 1 receive data rate ("downstream")
  • Up to 1 Gbit / s 1 if the user is at a fixed location to the next station (usually a radio tower)
  • Compatibility with existing networks (4G devices can also work with older technology, such as GSM, UMTS, etc.)
  • 50 Mbit / s 1 transmission data rate ("upstream")
  • 20 MHz required frequency bandwidth
  • Latency times of ≈ 10 ms
  • High quality services such as real-time audio, high-speed data transmission, HDTV video content, mobile television, etc.
  • Higher spectrum efficiency (lower cost per data volume)
  • Modulation: OFDMA, downstream: QPSK / 16 QAM / 64QAM, upstream: BPSK / QPSK / 16QAM
1 under optimal conditions

5G "Fifth Generation"

The successor 5G is being worked on. International network operators and infrastructure providers discuss technical requirements and use cases. The European Commission is investing EUR 700 million in research and innovation funding in connection with 5G through the Horizon 2020 program . The 3GPP has specified in Release 15 first features of 5G and is currently working on Release 16 in the other announced for 5G functions should be included.

At the end of March 2019, the first commercial 5G network in Europe went live in Austria for 200 customers in 17 cities and municipalities. On April 3, 2019, South Korea was the first country to put 5G into operation across the board. In the USA, 5G was activated in the cities of Chicago and Minneapolis on the same day . In Germany, the Federal Network Agency has been auctioning mobile phone licenses since March 19, 2019 .

5G should build on the existing 4G. Significant innovations in 5G are only expected when frequencies above 6 GHz are used. The radio cells are expected to be expanded more closely with 5G in cities than with 4G.

properties

The 5G standard (Release 15) has been completed and approved. Compared to the 4G standard, the following properties are expected for 5G technology:

  • Data rates up to 20 Gbit / s
  • Use of higher frequency ranges
  • Increased frequency capacity and data throughput
  • Real-time transmission, 100 billion mobile devices worldwide accessible at the same time
  • Latency times of less than 1 ms
  • Compatibility of machines and devices

literature

  • N. Döring, C. Dietmar: Media production for mobile communication. In: Handbook of media production. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2004.
    See J. Schiller: Mobilkommunikation. Munich 2003: Pearson Studium, pp. 15–18.
  • N. Döring, C. Dietma: Media production for mobile communication . In: Handbook of media production. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2004, pp. 14–15.
  • Goran, Galunic: 4th generation mobile communications. Seminar paper. University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, 2004.
  • Paul Klimsa, Heidi Krömker: Mobile communication. In: Heidi Krömker, Paul Klimsa (Hrsg.): Handbuch Medienproduktion. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2005.
  • 4G (fourth generation). In: ITWissen.info . Datacom Buchverlag GmbH: o.V. November 19, 2007, accessed on June 27, 2010.
  • Core network. In: ITWissen.info . Datacom Buchverlag GmbH: o.V. November 19, 2007, accessed on June 27, 2010.
  • long term evolution. In: ITWissen.info . Datacom Buchverlag GmbH: o.V. November 19, 2007, accessed on June 27, 2010.
  • NGMN. In: ITWissen.info . Datacom Buchverlag GmbH: o.V. November 19, 2007, accessed on June 27, 2010.
  • First commercial test phase for 4G mobile communications started. In: Golem.de , December 13, 2007.
  • Joachim Weiss u. a .: Cellular. In: Die Zeit - Das Lexikon. Zeitverlag, Hamburg 2005.
  • European Commission: 5G Infrastructure PPP: The next generation of communication networks will be “Made in EU”. (PDF; 466 kB)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ European Commission: 5G Public Private Partnership, the Next Generation of Broadband infrastructure. April 10, 2018, accessed February 4, 2019 .
  2. ↑ 5G PPP: 5G Infrastructure Association Members. Retrieved February 4, 2019 .
  3. ↑ Alexander Zollondz: After 4G is before 5G: Looking for the LTE successor. In: netzwelt.de. February 19, 2016, accessed October 18, 2018 .
  4. ↑ European Commission: EU and China sign important partnership for 5G, the communications network of the future. September 28, 2015, accessed February 4, 2019 .
  5. ↑ a b Release 15. In: 3GPP . Retrieved April 19, 2019 .
  6. ↑ Release 16. In: 3GPP . Retrieved April 19, 2019 .
  7. ↑ Austria is Europe's first 5G country - for 200 customers . Article of March 26, 2019, accessed March 28, 2019.
  8. ↑ South Korea is the first country in the world to have 5G. Retrieved April 7, 2019 .
  9. ↑ Bundesnetzagentur - Presse - Bundesnetzagentur presents draft for 5G frequency auction. Retrieved October 25, 2018 .
  10. ↑ 5G: 5th generation cellular standard. In: fts-hennig.de. September 25, 2016, accessed October 18, 2018 .