Landrace

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Under landraces or natural breeds are usually understood breeds of domestic animals or crops (there often as a local variety called) located in an area of traditional agriculture without systematic breeding (see animal breeding have formed). Landraces are often characterized by special adaptations to the environmental conditions in the area of ​​origin.

Land races are often the starting point for further breeding, sometimes keeping the original names. An example of this is the German Landrace , a widespread domestic pig breed that is subject to systematic breeding, but still bears this name. Landraces and local varieties as the basis for further breeding are now systematically collected in seed libraries ( gene banks ), such as the World Trust Fund for Cultivated Plants Diversity . The Nagoya Protocol and the FAO Seed Agreement stipulate that if regional land races are the starting material for breeding, the producers of these land races should share in the yields ( access and benefit sharing ).

In general, the degree of breeding of a landrace is described differently in the literature. For example, the following definition can be found for botany :

“Landraces are local populations of plants that have been raised by farmers for hundreds or even thousands of years. These populations can be distributed over an entire geographic region or only occur in a specific valley or mountain range. Each landrace has certain alleles due to the selection made , which are advantageous for good growth and successful reproduction in the respective distribution area. "

In the Handbook of Entire Domestic Animal Breeding for Farmers from 1848 it says:

“The foundation and training, or the maintenance of the tribes (or if you prefer: races) and lofts does not depend on a shorter or longer stay of these animals in a particular area, locality and climate, but depends on the exact location Follow the correct principles of breeding […]. The animals of a region may only be called a 'landrace' if they have been trained as an independent tribe (race, family), [...]. "

Land races always arise under the breeding influence of humans (artificial selection ). However, this usually takes place unconsciously and as a by-product of economic activity. The resulting forms are usually well adapted to certain regions and their local climate and soil conditions with relatively high yield security with very little use of resources. Compared to modern breeds, however, their yield potential is only moderate to low.

See also

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  1. ^ Murray W. Nabors, Renate Scheibe: Botany . Pearson, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-8273-7231-4 , pp. 647 ( online ).
  2. ^ Joachim Friedrich Christian Dieterichs: Handbook of the entire domestic animal breeding for farmers . Brockhaus, Leipzig 1848, p. 23-24 ( online ).
  3. ^ AC Zeven (1998): Landraces: A review of definitions and classifications. Euphytica 104: 127-139.