Layout planning
The layout planning , also internal site planning called, is a task in the production logistics and production industry and refers to the spatial arrangement of the production segments at the factory design .
At the core of the decision problem are the arrangement of the production segments, the material flow relationships and the information flows when the production segments are linked. However, problems of layout planning also arise with the arrangement of the workplaces in open-plan offices or types of goods in a warehouse.
The primary goal is to minimize transport performance . The transport service results from the product of the transport volume (transport expenditure) and the shipping distance (transport route). Transport times , space costs , interim storage costs and relocation costs should also be minimized. Furthermore, a good overview and a low susceptibility to failure - through straight material flows, in which, in the ideal case, there are no crossings or backflows - should be created.
The layout design is applied to the redesign , so for the initial determination of the location of production of the segments, further at a changeover of the material flow relationships between various production segments and in the extension to additional production segments.
The visualization of the material flows is usually done with the help of a Sankey diagram , a quantity-distance picture or the transport quantity matrix.
A basic distinction is made between rough and detailed layout planning.
In the rough layout planning, several layout variants are created by arranging abstracted factory objects and taking into account spatial restrictions (e.g. walls or supports). In order to evaluate the layout variants, in addition to the calculation of the quantitative goals (e.g. transport performance), a utility value analysis is often carried out. In this way, qualitative goals (e.g. clarity, susceptibility to failure, adaptability) can also be included in the evaluation.
In the case of detailed layout planning, the abstracted factory objects or the layout are designed through the exact positioning of machines and workplaces within the production segments. While the rough layout planning often takes place in two dimensions, a 3D model is often created in the detailed layout planning, with which the third spatial level can be included.
Layout planning restrictions
The layout planning is carried out by u. a. Location requirements and location conditions restricted.
Location demands
The size, weight and space requirements of the products to be processed influence transport and storage. The type of organization of production influences the arrangement of the production segments. The operating resources also place demands on the layout planning. The required space, the shape and the floor load-bearing capacity must be taken into account. Furthermore, consideration must be given to the workers . These place demands on ventilation, lighting conditions, noise levels, etc.
Location conditions
First and foremost, the existing buildings are limiting. Legal restrictions must be observed in the event of changes. These include the trade regulations , the workplace ordinance , or the occupational safety law . The company premises are also not to be neglected. Topographical conditions can make changes difficult or even prevent them.
literature
- Hans-Otto Günther , Horst Tempelmeier : Production and Logistics. 4th edition, Berlin, 1994, p. 84.
- Walter Eversheim, Günther Schuh: Production and Management. 7th edition, 1996.
Individual evidence
- ^ Corsten: Production management 6th edition, p. 401. This refers to Domschke / steel locations, internal in hand dictionary of production management . Stuttgart, 1979, column 1886.
- ↑ Create factory layout: explained step by step. Retrieved October 31, 2019 .
- ^ Corsten: Production Management 6th Edition, p. 403.
- ^ Corsten: Production Management 6th Edition, p. 403.